商业周刊：你的“买买买”作了哪些恶？

2.20出成绩的一天，像一颗石头击中地面，激起心中的万丈波澜。 而这时能在波澜中完成日常应做的事，这便是成长。

这位同学说得太好。学习是终身的事，不会因为任何一次考试、一次成功或失败而停止。 无论暂时的结果如何，请不要放弃前进的努力。

大家先跟着音频阅读原文，有读不懂的地方不要紧，后面会有详细的讲解。

2013 Text 1

The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-plusstores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.

Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activistbestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. “Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,” Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.

Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can’t be knocked off.

Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curbtheir impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibitsthe idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.

📒语篇分析：第三段阐述快时尚的危害。 ① 句为过渡句，承上启下，指出快时尚不仅影响服装师，还有其他危害。 ② 句以H&M为例展开说明 ① 句观点：剥削海外劳动力，消耗自然资源，大量使用有害化学物质。

• be limited to sth 表示“局限于…” (to exist or happen only in a particular place, group, or area of activity) ，后面跟某个团体或者地方。分享一段我在《纽约时报》读到的文字： Burnout and the behaviors and weight that accompany it aren’t, in fact, something we can cure by going on vacation. It’s not limited to workers in acutely high-stress environments. And it’s not a temporary affliction: It’s the millennial condition. It’s our base temperature. It’s our background music. It’s the way things are. It’s our lives. 事实上，职业倦怠与其所带来的行为和重负并不能通过度假来治愈。它不仅是高压工种所特有的，也不是一个暂时性的病痛；这是千禧一代的通病，是我们生活的底色，是我们一切行为的背景音乐，是现实的常态，是生活本身。

• knit 作动词，指“编织”，作名词，指“编织的衣服”。 knit 作动词还可表示“紧密结合，严密” (to join people or things closely together or to be joined closely together) ，高频表达 a close-knit family ，表示“关系紧密的家庭”。

• plus 置于数字后面，表示“…多”，比如 ◇Most children start school when they’re five plus. 大多数孩子五岁多开始上学。

• volume 指“量，额” (the amount of sth) 。

• strain 作动词表示“过度使用，使…不堪承受” (to try to make sth do more than it is able to do) ，比如 ◇The sudden influx of visitors is straining hotels in the town to the limit. 游客突然涌入，城里的旅馆全都爆满。我们可以将strain natural resources积累下来，表示“过度消耗自然资源”。 [写作推荐]

  

• strain 还可作名词，指“压力，重负” (If strain is put on an organization or system, it has to do more than it is able to do) ，惯用搭配为 put strain on sb , under strain 。比如《经济学人》一篇关于亚洲四小龙的文章有这样一句话： Singapore’s carefully managed political system hascome under more strain, and a backlash against immigration shows that it is not immune to the populism that has reared its head throughout the world. 新加坡精心管理的政治体制承受的压力增大，而民众强烈的反移民情绪表明新加坡也不能幸免于在世界各地抬头的民粹主义的冲击。

  

  
  

📒 语篇分析： 第四段评价书籍Overdressed。 ① 句总体评价Overdressed。 ② 句引用Cline的话说明书籍主要观点：快时尚不持久且浪费。 ③ 句进一步说明观点。

• be an answer to sth 表示“…的解决方案，答案” (a solution to a problem) 。

  

• activist 指“积极分子，活跃分子” (someone who works hard doing practical things to achieve social or political change) 。 我们在考研英语 2011 Text3 也遇到过，复习一下原句： Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. 这种“劫持” 媒体和“免费”媒体刚好相反：一种资产或活动被消费者、其他股东或者激进分子所劫持，而这些人就是对某一个品牌和产品有负面评价。

• mass-produced 指“大规模生产的” (produced in quantity often by assembly-line techniques) 。

• a mass of sth / masses of sth 表示“大量，许多” (a large amount or quantity of sth) ， 比如考研英语2010 Text 3里的一句话： They found that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"- the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people. 他们发现，我们所说的“全球瀑布流”(影响力通过人际网络实现的广泛传播)需要的主要条件不是少数几个影响力人士的存在，而是关键的大批易受影响人群的参与。

• the masses 指“平民百姓，群众”( all the ordinary people in society who do not have power or influence) 。

• non-durable 指“不经用的，非耐久性的”。

• excess 作名词指“过多，过量” (a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed) 。

• excessive [ɪksesɪv] 为形容词， 指“过多的，过分的” (greater than what seems reasonable or appropriate) ，比如 《经济学人》一篇关于中国猪肉价格飞涨的文章里有这样一句话： Even before this latest animal epidemic, Chinese living in wealthier cities were having qualms about excessive meat-eating. 甚至在最近这次猪瘟发生之前，住在富裕城市里的中国人已经对过度食肉感到不安。

📒 语篇分析： 第五、六段开始批驳 Cline 的观点。 ①句指出 Cline 心中的理想任情况。 ②句作者批驳道：理想情况难以复制。

• ideal 作名词，指“完美的人或事物” (a person or thing that you think is perfect)

• perfect [pəˈfekt] 作动词，表示“使…完美，使…完善” (to make sth perfect or as good as you can) 。 注意perfect作动词的重音在后，与作名词时不同。 [熟词僻义]

• craft 表示某一行业“技巧，技能” (he skills needed for a particular profession) 。 比如 ◇The musician spends years perfecting his craft. 这位音乐家多年来不断提高自己的艺术造诣。

• knock sth off 表示“迅速而轻松地完成” (to complete sth quickly and without much effort) ，比如 ◇He knocks off three novels a year. 他一年赶出三部小说。

• 再扩展一个口语里的高频表达： knock it off ，表示“住嘴，别吵了，住手” (used to tell someone to stop doing something which annoys you) 。

  

📒 语篇分析： 第六段进一步批驳Overdressed的观点。 ① 句指出Cline的观点：只有顾客能带来持久的改变。 ② 句反驳Cline的观点，并指出作者的观点。

• make efforts to do sth 表示“努力做某事” (If you make an effort to do something, you try very hard to do it) ，我们可以用make efforts to do sth替换用烂了的try hard to do sth。近义表达还有endeavor to do sth, strive to do sth。 [写作推荐]

• curb 作动词义为“控制；限制” (to control or limit sth, especially sth bad) ，比如《纽约时报》一篇关于新冠肺炎的文章曾引用这样一句话： The Chinese authorities said that the measures in Wuhan, which would take effect at 10 a.m., were needed to “effectively cut off the transmission of the virus, resolutely curb the spread of the epidemic, and ensure the safety and health of the people.” 中国当局说，武汉将在上午10时生效的措施是为了“有效切断病毒传播途径，坚决遏制疫情蔓延势头，确保人民群众生命安全和身体健康”。 除此之外， curb 也可作名词，比如控制温室气体排放： curb greenhouse gas emissions 也可改写为 impose a curb on greenhouse gas emissions 。 [写作推荐]

• line 指“种类，类型；产品线” (a type of product) 。 [熟词僻义]

• lasting 指“持久的，耐久的” (continuing to exist or to have an effect for a long time) 。

• exhibit [ɪgˈzɪbɪt]本义是“展览，展出”，引申为“表现，显示，显出” (to show clearly that you have or feel a particular feeling, quality or ability) ，后面往往跟感情、品质或能力，比如《纽约时报》一篇关于新冠病毒的文章有这样一句话： People may be shedding infectious virus particles before they exhibit flu symptoms, making it almost impossible to identify and isolate people who have the virus. 人们可能会在表现出流感症状之前就将传染性病毒散播出去，几乎不可能鉴定和隔离感染该病毒的人。 [熟词僻义]

• be common to sb/sth 指“…共同的，…共有的” (If something is common to two or more people or groups, it is done, possessed, or used by them all) ，比如 ◇These problems are common to all societies. 这些问题是所有社会的通病。 [熟词僻义]

• 文中the idealism (common to many advocates of sustainability)，括号中的形容词短语common to… 作后置定语修饰the idealism，我们可以还原为定语从句the idealism (which is) common to many advocates of sustainability，指“许多倡导可持续发展的人共有的理想主义”

• advocate ['ædvəkət] 这里作名词，义为“支持者，提倡者” (a person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action) ，我们在考研英语2012 Text 1里也学过： Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 罗森伯格颇有说服力地地指出，公共卫生倡导者应该向广告商学习，因为他们非常善于运用同辈压力。

• advocate ['ædvəkət] 作动词指“拥护，提倡，主张” (If you advocate a particular action or plan, you recommend it publicly) 。我们在2011 Text 1里也学过： Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” 甚至对 Gilbert 在《泰晤士报 》任职表示支持的Tommasini都这样 评价他：“他是一位谦逊的音乐家，他身上没有那种令人生畏的大指挥家的架子”。

• sustainability 表示“可持续性” (the property of being sustainable) 。

• Be it … 表示“尽管，无论”，比如 ◇Be it dear or cheap, we shall take it. 不管它是贵或贱，我们都要买。 [熟词僻义]

• constant 作名词，指“不变的事物”。 constant 作形容词，指“不断地，重复的；不变的，恒定的”。

• vanity [ˈvænɪti] 指“自负，虚荣” (too much pride in your own appearance, abilities or achievements) ，是一个贬义词。

• can/can’t afford to do sth afford本来是“买得起”的意思，引申为“承担得起，经得住”，比如 ◇We can’t afford to wait any longer or we’ll miss the plane. 我们再也不能等下去了，否则会赶不上飞机的。文中can’t afford not to do sth表示“不能承受不做某事”。我们也可以将 can‘t afford to do sth 替换为 can ill afford to do sth ，意思一样，比如 ◇I was losing weight which I could ill afford to lose. 我的体重在减轻，我已轻得不能再轻了。

  

  

• afford sb sth 还可表示“提供，给予” (to provide something or allow something to happen) ，比如 ◇The programme affords young people the chance to gain work experience. 这项计划给年轻人提供了获得工作经验的机会。 我们可以用afford sb sth替换我们熟悉的provide sb with sth。 [熟词僻义]

• affordable 为形容词，指“买得起的，价格合理的” (cheap enough for most people to afford) ，比如《经济学人》一篇关于终身学习的文章提到： But to keep the numbers of those left behind to a minimum, all adults must have access to flexible, affordable training. 但是，若要尽量减少因时代改变而落伍的人数，那么所 有成年人都必须能够获得灵活而又实惠的培训。