子无以余言为惝恍河汉,当细为子析之:开辟以来。天地之大,古今之变,万汇之赜,日星河岳,赋物象形,兵刑礼乐,饮食男女,于以发为文章,形为诗赋,其道万千,余得以三语蔽之,曰理、曰事、曰情,不出乎此而已。然则诗文一道,岂有定法哉?先揆乎其理,揆之于理而不谬,则理得。次征诸事,征之于事而不悖,则事得。终絜诸情,絜之于情而可通,则情得。三者得而不可易,则自然之法立。故法者当乎理,确乎事,酌乎情,为三者之平准,而无所自为法也。故谓之曰虚名。
So that you won’t think what I have just said is as vague and hazy as the Milky Way, I should clarify the fine points for you. Since the beginning of the universe, the magnitude of Heaven and Earth, the mutations of past and present, all the mysteries of the millions of things, the sun and stars, the rivers and mountains, the images and forms (象*-形*) in which things unfold, war and punishments, rites and music, food and drink, the relations between men and women---all of these have come forth as literary works (文*-章*) and have taken shape (形*) as poems and poetic expositions (赋). The Way is infinitely varied, but I can cover it in three words: “natural principle” (理*). “event” (事*), and “circumstance” (情*, the affections, a “state of mind”). Nothing lies outside of the scope of the three words. If this is the case, then how can there be determinate rules covering the entire Way of poetry and prose? First, reflect on natural principle in something; and if your reflection in regard to natural principle is not in error, then you have grasped the natural principle. Then find evidence of that principle in an event; and if the evidence found in event does not contradict the principle, then you have grasped event. Finally assess it in regard to circumstance (情*); if, assessed according to circumstance, it still comes through (通*), then you have grasped circumstance. When all three have been grasped and cannot be altered, then natural (自-然*, or “so-of-themselves”) rules are established. Thus rules are the even balance of what is right according to principle, what is made actual in event, and what is infused in circumstance; but there is nothing by which rules can have subsistence in there own right. For this reason I have said that rules are an empty name.