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【听音频，也可猛戳左下角“
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”】
This
is
6
Minute
English
from
BBC
Learning
English
.
com
.
这里是
bbclearningenglish
.
com
英语六分钟节目。
Callum
:
Hello
I'm
Callum
and
this
is
6
Minute
English
.
With
me
today
is
Neil
,
hello
Neil
.
大家好，我是卡勒姆，这里是英语六分钟，今天和我一起主持节目的是尼尔，你好，尼尔。
Neil
:
Hi
Callum
你好，卡勒姆。
Callum
:
In
today's
programme
we're
going
to
be
looking
at
an
interesting
story
of
war
,
secret
messages
,
codes
and
…
在今天的节目中，我们将讨论一个有趣的故事，该故事是关于战争、密电、代码，还有……
Neil
:
And
,
and
what
?
还有什么？
Callum
:
Pigeons
.
鸽子。
Neil
:
Pigeons
?
鸽子？
Callum
:
Yes
,
pigeons
.
对，鸽子。
Neil
:
Those
birds
that
are
everywhere
in
London
?
那种在伦敦随处可见的鸟？
Callum
:
That's
it
.
是的。
Neil
:
Well
,
what
do
they
have
to
do
with
war
,
secret
messages
and
codes
?
鸽子和战争、密电还有代码有什么关系呢？
Callum
:
Well
,
we'll
find
out
after
today's
question
.
A
question
about
codes
.
Who
is
the
first
person
recorded
using
written
codes
to
keep
his
or
her
communications
secret
?
Was
it
Roman
emperor
,
Julius
Caesar
,
English
king
,
Harold
or
Egyptian
pharaoh
,
Tutankhamun
?
看完今天的问题，咱们再去寻找答案。今天的问题与代码有关。据历史记载，谁是第一个用代码来保证通信机密的人？是罗马帝皇尤利乌斯·凯撒，英国国王哈罗德，还是埃及法老图坦卡门？
Neil
:
I
have
no
idea
whatsoever
.
So
I'm
going
to
go
for
the
English
king
,
Harold
.
For
no
reason
at
all
.
这我可真不知道。我就选英国国王哈罗德吧，纯粹是瞎猜的。
Callum
:
OK
.
We'll
find
out
if
you're
right
at
the
end
of
the
programme
.
Now
,
back
to
the
pigeons
.
好的，在节目的最后，我们再看你是不是答对了。现在我们回到鸽子的话题上。
Neil
:
Yes
,
I
am
intrigued
.
好的，我对这个话题很感兴趣。
Callum
:
It
all
started
when
a
man
was
cleaning
out
the
chimney
of
his
house
in
the
south
of
England
.
In
the
rubbish
from
the
chimney
he
found
a
pigeon's
leg
.
Attached
to
the
leg
was
a
small
container
and
inside
the
container
was
a
message
written
in
code
.
From
details
on
the
paper
it
was
clear
this
was
a
military
message
from
the
Second
World
War
.
这起源于英国南部，一个人在清理房子的烟囱时，从烟囱的废墟里发现了一只鸽子腿，腿上绑着一个小容器，容器里面有一个用代码编写的信息。从纸上的具体信息来看，很显然这是二战时期的军事信息。
Neil
:
Were
birds
really
used
to
carry
messages
during
the
Second
World
War
?
在二战时期，人们真的用鸟来传递消息吗？
Callum
:
Well
here's
BBC
security
correspondent
Gordon
Corera
answering
that
question
and
also
explaining
why
.
What
reason
does
he
give
?
下面是
BBC
安全记者戈登·科雷拉的回答，以及他对该问题的解释。他给出的理由是什么呢？
There
were
important
messages
carried
by
pigeon
.
Particularly
,
the
theory
is
,
that
this
might
have
been
an
army
unit
,
in
Europe
,
on
the
move
,
and
it
was
on
the
move
and
basically
it
was
moving
so
fast
it
couldn't
put
up
an
aerial
for
a
wireless
transmission
to
be
sent
so
they
would
quickly
release
a
pigeon
with
a
quick
message
.
鸽子确实被用来传递重要信息。特别是在欧洲，一个军队在行军过程中就会用到，在军队快速前进时，由于无法架设天线来传输无线信息，他们就放出一只鸽子来快速地传递信息。
Callum
:
So
why
would
they
use
a
pigeon
,
rather
than
the
radio
?
那他们为什么要用鸽子，而不用无线通讯设备呢？
Neil
:
He
says
that
when
an
army
unit
was
moving
fast
they
might
not
have
had
time
to
put
up
an
aerial
and
it
would
have
been
quicker
just
to
release
a
pigeon
with
a
message
.
Of
course
pigeons
can
be
trained
to
fly
back
to
a
particular
place
.
他说军队在快速行进时是没有时间架设天线的，更快捷的方式就是用鸽子来传递消息。当然，受过训练的鸽子能够飞回到特定的地点。
Callum
:
That's
right
and
in
fact
the
military
used
over
250, 000
pigeons
to
send
messages
during
the
Second
World
War
.
确实如此，事实上在二战期间，军队使用了超过25万只鸽子来传递消息。
Neil
:
So
what
was
the
message
that
the
pigeon
was
carrying
?
那鸽子传递的是什么消息呢？
Callum
:
Ah
,
well
,
the
truth
is
,
they
don't
know
,
they
have
no
idea
.
事实上，人们根本不知道该消息是什么。
Neil
:
What
,
even
with
all
the
power
of
modern
computers
and
the
best
minds
.
什么？即便使用最先进的电脑和最聪明的大脑也无法破解吗？
Callum
:
Yes
,
here's
Gordon
Corera
again
talking
about
the
message
.
What
word
does
he
use
to
describe
the
process
of
understanding
a
code
?
是的，下面是戈登·科雷拉对该消息的描述。他使用了什么单词来描述破解代码的过程呢？
They've
been
looking
for
a
few
weeks
,
the
truth
is
that
it
was
designed
not
to
be
cracked
easily
.
他们花费了几个星期来寻找答案，结果是这个代码并不容易被破解。
Callum
:
What
word
does
he
use
,
Neil
?
尼尔，他用了什么词呢？
Neil
:
He
says
the
code
was
designed
not
to
be
'cracked'
easily
.
We
use
the
verb
'to
crack'
when
talking
about
codes
.
他说这个代码并不容易被
'cracked'
（破解）。当我们说到代码时，经常用
'to
crack
'
这个动词。
Callum
:
So
,
the
code
is
designed
not
be
cracked
easily
.
Let's
hear
a
little
bit
more
about
what
kind
of
code
it
might
be
.
Here's
more
from
the
BBC's
Gordon
Corera
who
mentions
one
of
the
ways
this
code
might
have
been
created
.
所以这个代码不容易被破解，那我们再来深入了解一下这个代码吧。
BBC
记者戈登·科雷拉提到了创建这一代码的一种方法，我们一起来听听。
One
is
using
something
called
a
one
-
time
pad
which
is
a
technique
where
you
apply
a
random
key
to
a
code
and
if
you
keep
that
secure
and
it's
truly
random
,
it
is
basically
unbreakable
.
一种方法叫做单次密本，你随机创建一个破解某密码的方法，如果你将破解方法保密，那破解该密码的方法就成了随机的了，基本上是无法破解的。
Callum
:
What
kind
of
code
is
he
talking
about
here
?
他所说的是哪一种代码呢？
Neil
:
A
code
created
with
what's
called
a
'one
-
time
pad'
.
As
I
understand
it
,
if
you
think
of
a
code
like
a
lock
,
what
do
you
need
to
open
a
lock
?
是一种被叫作
'
单次密本
'
的代码。我理解的是，如果你把一个代码想象成一把锁，那么你需要用什么开锁呢？
Callum
:
Well
you
need
a
key
to
open
a
lock
.
需要用钥匙来开锁啊。
Neil
:
That's
right
,
and
if
you
don't
have
the
key
and
there
is
no
record
of
what
the
key
was
like
or
who
made
it
or
where
it
was
kept
,
you're
going
to
have
a
problem
.
对啊，如果你没有钥匙，而且也不知道任何关于钥匙的信息，不知道是谁制作的，也不知道它被存放在哪，那就麻烦了。
Callum
:
You
won't
be
able
to
open
the
lock
.
那你就打不开锁了。
Neil
:
Exactly
.
With
a
code
created
with
a
one
-
time
pad
there
is
only
one
key
and
it's
only
used
once
.
After
that
,
it's
destroyed
.
Without
the
key
you
can't
crack
the
code
–
it's
an
uncrackable
or
unbreakable
code
.
完全正确，一个通过单次密本创建的代码，只有一把钥匙，而且这把钥匙只能用一次。用过之后，钥匙就作废了。没有钥匙你就无法破解代码——这个代码就成了不可破解的代码了。
Callum
:
Gordon
said
that
key
should
be
random
.
Gordon
说破解代码的方法是随机的。
Neil
:
That's
right
.
If
something
is
'random'
,
it
means
there
is
no
pattern
to
it
.
It's
not
predictable
or
repeatable
.
And
,
if
the
key
is
truly
random
they'll
never
be
able
to
crack
the
code
.
是的，如果某样东西是
'
随机的
'
，那就意味着它无规律可循，也无法预测或复制。所以，如果破解方法真的是随机的，那这个代码就真的无法破解了。
Callum
:
Unless
they
find
the
key
!
And
that's
what
they
are
hoping
.
Gordon
Corera
again
.
What
information
are
they
hoping
to
find
to
help
them
