如何提高PHP代码的质量？第三部分 端到端\/集成测试

为了使我们的测试堆栈更完整，有一些测试可以检查你的代码是否在真实环境中运行，以及它是否能在更复杂的业务场景中运行良好。

在这里，我们可以使用为行为驱动开发构建的工具——官方PHP的 Cucumber 实现——Behat。我们可以通过运行以下代码来安装它：

$ php composer.phar require --dev behat/behat

增加一个目标到 build.xml（在本文的第一部分中描述了Phing设置）

<target name="behat">
   <exec executable="bin/behat" passthru="true" checkreturn="true"/>target>
…
<target name="run" depends="phpcs,phpcpd,phan,phpspec,behat"/>

然后，你应该为文件 features/price.feature 的测试创建一个规范。

Feature: Price Comparison
  In order to compare prices
  As a customer
  I need to break the currency barrier
 
  Scenario: Compare EUR and PLN
    Given I use nbp.pl comparator
    When I compare “100EUR” and “100PLN”
    Then It should return some result

这个测试场景非常容易阅读，并且应该给你一个关于该特性应该如何工作的良好印象。不幸的是，计算机通常并不真正理解人类语言，所以现在是为每一步编写代码的时候了。

你可以通过运行 ./bin/behat-init 来生成它的代码模板。它应该会创建一个这样的类：

//features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php

use Behat\Behat\Context\SnippetAcceptingContext;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\PyStringNode;
use Behat\Gherkin\Node\TableNode;
class FeatureContext implements SnippetAcceptingContext{
    /**
     * Initializes context.
     */
    public function __construct




    
()
    {
    }
}

然后你可以执行：

$ bin/behat --dry-run --append-snippets

// features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php

use Behat\Behat\Context\Context;
use Domain\Price;
use Domain\PriceComparator;
use Infrastructure\NBPPriceConverter;

/**
* Defines application features from the specific context.
*/
class FeatureContext implements Context{
   /** @var PriceComparator */
   private $priceComparator;
 
   /** @var int */
   private $result;
 
   /**
    * Initializes context.
    *
    * Every scenario gets its own context instance.
    * You can also pass arbitrary arguments to the
    * context constructor through behat.yml.
    */
   public function __construct()
   {
   }

   /**
    * @Given I use nbp.pl comparator
    */
   public function iUseNbpPlComparator()
   {
       $this->priceComparator = new PriceComparator(new NBPPriceConverter());
   }

   /**
    * @When I compare :price1 and :price2
    */
   public function iCompareAnd($price1, $price2)
   {
       preg_match('/(\d+)([A-Z]+)/', $price1, $match1);
       preg_match('/(\d+)([A-Z]+)/', $price2, $match2);
       $price1 = new Price($match1[1], $match1[2]);
       $price2 = new Price($match2[1], $match2[2]);
       $this->result = $this->priceComparator->compare($price1, $price2);
   }

   /**
    * @Then It should return some result
    */
   public function itShouldReturnSomeResult()
   {
       if (!is_int($this->result)) {
           throw new \DomainException('Returned value is not integer');
       }
   }
}

最后，使用 ./bin/phing 运行所有的测试。你应该得到以下结果：

Buildfile: /home/maciej/workspace/php-testing/build.xmlMyProject > phpcs:

MyProject > phpcpd:

phpcpd 4.0.0 by Sebastian Bergmann.0.00% duplicated lines out of 103 total lines of code.

Time: 17 ms, Memory: 4.00MB

MyProject > phan:

MyProject > phpspec:

/  skipped: 0%  /  pending: 0%  / passed: 100%  /  failed: 0%   /  broken: 0%   /  3 examples2 specs3 examples (3 passed)15ms

MyProject > behat:

Feature: Price Comparison
 In order to compare prices
 As a customer
 I need to break the currency barrier

 Scenario: Compare EUR and PLN          # features/price.feature:6
   Given I use nbp.pl comparator        # FeatureContext::iUseNbpPlComparator()
   When I compare "100EUR" and "100PLN" # FeatureContext::iCompareAnd()
   Then It should return some result    # FeatureContext::itShouldReturnSomeResult()1 scenario (1 passed)3 steps (3 passed)0m0.01s (9.13Mb)

MyProject > run:

BUILD FINISHED

Total time: 1.1000 second

Scenario: Compare EUR and PLN
    Given nbp.pl comparator is available
    And I