在大量的猪模型中，从各种3D打印气管移植物中吸取的经验教训，用于新生气管再生

Tracheal implants using tissue-engineering and three-dimensional (3D) printing are promising, but challenges remain, including graft composition, anastomosis methods, and tracheal tissue regeneration. This study examines the effectiveness of various tracheal graft materials in a large animal model.

利用组织工程和三维（3D）打印技术制作的气管植入物前景广阔，但仍存在挑战，包括移植物成分、吻合方法和气管组织再生等。本研究在大动物模型中检验了各种气管移植物材料的有效性。

Thirty-eight tracheal surgeries were performed on a porcine large animal model, involving a 2 cm circumferential tracheal excision with end-to-end anastomosis. The grafts used included translucent plastic material crystal (n=16), silicone (n=8), and polycaprolactone (PCL, n=8). Nonabsorbable (n=28) or absorbable (n=4) sutures were applied, and two animals received modified distal trachea anchoring using the strap muscle. Bronchoscopy and laser ablation were used to assess granulation tissue and graft patency in select cases. Postoperative complications, survival rates, and tissue regeneration outcomes were tracked.

在猪的动物模型上进行了38次气管手术，包括2 cm环形气管切除端端吻合。移植物包括半透明塑料晶体（n=16）、硅酮（n=8）和聚己内酯（n=8）。使用不可吸收缝线（n=28）或可吸收缝线（n=4），其中2只动物使用带状肌肉进行改良的远端气管吻合。对部分病例采用支气管镜检查和激光消融评估肉芽组织和移植血管通畅情况。随访术后并发症、存活率及组织再生情况。

Operation times ranged from 91 to 126 minutes. Animals survived between 5 to 92 days, with 29 experiencing complications such as abdominal distress (n=15) and granulation tissue formation (n=18) after 7 days. Postoperative issues included wound infection (n=16), graft infection (n=7), and necrosis (n=14). Histology revealed regenerating tissue with chondrogenesis (n=8), adipogenesis (n=9), myogenesis (n=9), angiogenesis (n=6), glandogenesis (n=2), and epithelialization (n=2). Two PCL graft animals with strap muscle reinforcement survived longer, gaining 101 kg, with one showing heterotopic ossification.

手术时间91 ~ 126 min。动物存活时间为5 ~ 92 d，其中29只动物在7 d后出现并发症，其中15只动物出现腹部不适，18只动物出现肉芽组织形成。术后发生切口感染16例，移植物感染7例，坏死14例。组织学显示8例有软骨形成，9例有脂肪形成，9例有肌肉形成，6例有血管形成，2例有腺体形成，2例有上皮形成。2只带肌强化PCL移植动物存活时间延长，增重101 kg，其中1只出现异位骨化。