过节了，看看歪果仁怎么聊自己的童年经典

译/栗色雪

What quantifies a cult movie? Is it the alternative? Adistinct oddness? Sometimes it’s the film’s relative obscurity. But always,there’s an unwavering loyal fan-base who will like a film regardless of itscritical and creative merit. Does StarWars qualify as a cult film? Certainly there’s cult devotion. One sect offans will even say their religion is Jedi.Star Wars has lost much of its cult status as it has essentially taken overthe world. But a long time ago in a decade now far, far away, Star Wars was a cult phenomenon. Anunusual blend of science fiction and fantasy by a relatively unknown filmmakerand a principally unknown cast. Star Wars would generate a level of cultishdevotion that few properties, if any, have reached. It’s that hard core devotionfrom its fans that maintains Star Wars’ cult status.

是什么定义了一部“邪典”电影？非主流（alternative）？光怪陆离？晦涩难懂？有一点毋庸置疑，即坚守的忠实粉丝基础，无论外界对影片的艺术价值评论几何。《星球大战》够格当一部“邪典”电影吗？诚然，它拥有如邪教般狂热的粉丝群体（其中一部分人甚至称自己的宗教信仰是绝地武士）。当《星球大战》逐渐占领全球市场，“邪典”的光芒随之逐渐消散。但是在很久很久之前，银河系的某个角落，《星球大战》曾是一个“邪典”现象，一部由一个当时名不见经传的导演和卡司班底拍摄出的、超乎寻常的科幻片与幻想片的混合体。《星球大战》衍生出的“邪典”式的庞大追随者数量，是影史上鲜有其他影片能够企及的。

But Star Wars has transcended cult. It has practicallybecome a fairy-tale in the west. A modern day folk tale that people share withtheir children and their children share with them, passing down through thegenerations. In the East, May the 4th could be Buddha’s birthday, overin the West, it’s Star Wars Day and to many a westerner, it is a day ofcelebration.

但是“星战”变成了一种超验的“邪典”，事实上它已经称为西方世界家喻户晓的“童话”，一个代代相传的民间故事。在东方，五月四日可能是佛祖的生日[按一些亚洲地区的算法，佛祖的生日是农历五月初八，按公历则有时会落在五月四日。比如2015年东南亚的佛诞就是五月四日]；在西方，它是“星战日”，庆典之日。

Only I like Star Wars! No one else is cool and edgyenough to get it like I do!

“没人像我一样喜欢《星球大战》，我才是最酷的那个！”

My first memory of Star Wars was at Christmas. EmpireStrikes Back was on ITV. I was playing with my Marvel superhero toys. I guess Iwas about five or six years old. Iron Man was taking on Spidey and Venom in abox of Roses Cadbury chocolates. We hadn’t caught the beginning of the moviebut had got it from when the AT AT Walkers were just gearing up to destroy theHoth base. The first Rebel loss that would spell out the tone of the wholemovie; the dark one in the Star Wars story. It didn’t take long for me to dropmy superhero toys and leave Iron Man buried in gold, silver and purple sweetwrappers. Like Disney, I may have dabbled with superheroes, but it was StarWars that would really be the biggest thing to consume my world. 

首次触电《星球大战》，是个圣诞节。《星球大战2：帝国反击战》（Star Wars: Empire Strikes Back）正在电视上播放着。五、六岁的我正沉浸在我的漫威玩具中，钢铁侠托着蜘蛛侠，毒蜘蛛倒在巧克力盒子里。我错过了电影的开头，但是碰巧看到了ATAT Walker正在摧毁虎斯基地（Hoth base）。这场残酷的反击战第一次勾勒出了“星战”系列的暗黑基调，没多久我就丢开了手中的玩具，完全被它夺去了注意力——我或许会涉猎迪士尼的超级英雄，但是只有《星球大战》才能让我交付身心。

My brother was nine years older than me. He was bornin ’77 and was a true Star Wars boy. He had the original toys. Those scrawnyfigures and incredible vehicles. He had posters, a cuddly teddy bear Ewok andStar Wars pillows.

我哥哥长我九岁（出生于1977年），他才是名副其实的“星战”少年。他收集最初代的星战玩具（粗糙得有些惨不忍睹）、各式各样的海报、一只伊沃克族（Ewok）泰迪熊和“星战”枕头。

Star Wars had always been there. But it was thisChristmas afternoon where Star Wars grabbed me. I remember the crashed SnowSpeeder, Luke jumping out of the way of the AT AT’s landing foot and thensinglehandedly taking out an AT AT Walker by grappling up underneath, slicing ahole inside with his lightsabre and throwing a thermal detonator inside. Iremember the ‘Gee whiz that got him!’ the Hoth Wampa and of course the Luke andVader battle and the incredible revelation, ‘No Luke, I am your father.’  Perhaps one of the most popular scenes in allWestern cinema.

《星球大战》一直在我们的成长背景中，直到那个圣诞节，它彻底走入了我生活的台前。我记得翻到的雪地战车（Snow Speeder）；卢克在AT AT的巨掌下闪躲奔跑，光剑从它身下斩出一个洞从而一人干掉一架AT AT；记得雪地怪兽丸帕（Wampa）；以及西方电影史上最经典的一幕：达斯·维达的那句“我是你爸爸（I am your father）”。

Of course Star Wars isn’t really cult cinema. Notanymore. Once you’ve sold your movie rights to the biggest company in the worldfor four billion dollars, you can’t really call yourself a cult director. Butthere was a time long ago when the prospect of being the world’s mostfinancially successful filmmaker did indeed seem far, far away to Mr. GeorgeLucas. Star Wars was a gamble. A space opera about a farmer come Galactic hero.It was a fairy tale in space which seemed quirky and out there, as all cultcinema is. And when we consider cult cinema and the personal connection itsaudience feels for their favourite cult film, what better example is there thanwhat impact Star Wars has on its biggest fans? Recent research has revealedthat the average Star Wars fan will spend about £800 on Star Wars. This will bethrough multiple screenings, events, costumes, furniture, Tupperware andgeneral household items, cleaning products and unfortunate tattoos. Or growingup collecting at least one toy of every single character (and vehicle) in everysingle frame of at least one of the currently eight movies, not to mentionvarious TV shows, videogames, novelizations and comic books.

时至今日，诚然《星球大战》早已脱离了“邪典”电影的范畴。一旦你把你的电影以四千万美元的价格卖给了世界上最大的电影公司，你就很难再称自己是位“邪典”导演了。但是曾几何时，“世界最赚钱的导演”头衔对于乔治·卢卡斯先生而言仍是天书奇谈，《星球大战》像一场孤注一掷的豪赌。一部关于穷小子成长为银河系英雄的太空歌剧（spaceopera），一个发生在太空世界的古怪童话，70年代尾声，还有什么比这更“邪典”？同时，考虑到个体与“邪典”电影之间的情感联系，《星球大战》也是诸多粉丝当仁不让的精神故乡。最新的调查数据显示：“星战”粉丝人均投入大约800英镑。这些支出包括反复进电影院观看的票价、聚会庆典的票价，衍生的服饰、家具、特百惠（Tupperware）以及其他的居家产品，乃至纹身。或者在成长的过程中至少八部作品[指正传三部曲，前传三部曲，以及《星球大战7：原力觉醒》与外传《侠盗一号》，共八部]中每个重要角色（或者飞行器）的手办玩具要收集一个，更别提数不清的电视剧、电子游戏、漫画小说等等周边产品。

我与我哥哥、我外甥两代人的“星战”玩具收藏大汇总

Now, in the west at least, EVERYONE likes Star Wars.If you don’t, you’re the weird one. In fact, it’s more cult, to not likeStar Wars. In our post truth, post cult Star Wars age you don’t know if peopleare telling the truth when they say they don’t like The Force Awakens, or ifthey’re just saying it to be alternative. The Force Awakens is too Disneyfiedthey’ll say; a cheap rehash of a New Hope to win over new fans. They willhowever love Rogue One, the alternative, edgier Star Wars film, the cult StarWars of the now Disney owned mainstream Star Wars saga. Star Wars has lost itsedge, its unique cult status. It has become a fully commercial product. Forsome, no longer is it really Star Wars. 

在今日的西方社会，人人都爱“星战”，不喜欢的人才是怪咖。事实上，现在不喜欢星战的人貌似更有“邪典”气质。在我们身处的多重真相、后“星战”邪典化的时代，你搞不清人们说自己不喜欢《原力觉醒》（TheForce Awakens）是出于真心还是故作高冷。他们声称《原力觉醒》过于迪士尼化，是对《新希望》（New Hope）的廉价复刻，试图吸引脑残的年轻人观众。但是他们或许会对《侠盗一号》（Rogue One）青眼有加，这部边缘感更强的“星战”作品，在迪士尼控股的主流作品中显得有些不一样。对于一部分铁粉而言，《星球大战》已经丧失了边缘的邪典性，而变成彻头彻尾的消费社会文化商品，更严重地说，重启的“星战”已然不再是“星战”。

That’s not only an opinion among the elite, orhighbrow of Star Wars fandom, but also of its original creator. After therelease of The Force Awakens, GeorgeLucas lamented on his decision to sell StarWars off to the highest bidder. In a somewhat awkward interview he toldAmerican talk show host Charlie Rose “These were my kids … all the Star Wars films … and I sold them to thewhite slavers who take these things.” He also said that his own version of thenew Star Wars films was rejected by Disney and what we now have are no longerhis stories:

上述观点并不只是来自精英人群，或者爱卖弄的“原教旨主义”铁粉，“星战之父“本人也是这样认为的。《原力觉醒》上映之后，乔治·卢卡斯曾悲叹过自己把《星球大战》卖给竞价最高者的决定。在一次脱口秀节目上，他有些别扭地对主持人CharlieRose坦言：“它们是我的孩子……所有的 ‘星战’作品……然而我却把它们卖给了白人奴隶主。”他也爆料自己版本的新“星战”故事剧本被迪士尼否决了，现在的版本和自己一毛钱关系都没有：

It’s a sad thing to consider that the new filmsare no longer George Lucas’ stories, but while George Lucas may lament the masscommercialisation of his spiritual children, it was a process that he himselfhad started long before he sold Star Wars to Disney.

乔治·卢卡斯的让位令人扼腕，但是“星战”的商业化进程却远早于迪士尼的这次并购。

2016年“星战庆典”英国ExCel会场

2016年“星战庆典”作者在现场

Toys, toys, toys! The great Star Wars revival and theemergence of Cult into the mainstream.

玩具总动员：《星球大战》的复兴与“邪典”被主流的收编

In 1996 when I was ten, pretty bored of my brother’sold Star Wars toys, with their paint fading and collecting dust, I saw somebrand new and shiny toys of Luke Skywalker and Han Solo in the home retailstore, Westgate House. Made by Kenner, these toys were pretty strange. Luke,Han and even Leia were freakishly muscular. I guess it was to cash in on themacho boys’ toys and fandoms of the time.

十岁的时候（90年代中）不满足于我哥哥褪色和灰尘满布的玩具，我开始了自己的“星战”收藏。Westgate零售商店里，躺着崭新的卢克、韩和蕾娅。由Kenner生厂商生产，这些玩具看起来出奇得健美，我想着或许是为了迎合当时的“猛男”审美（macho boys’ toys，想来阿诺·施瓦星格也是彼时正当红，译者注）。

九十年代浑身肌肉的“猛男风”《星球大战》人物手办

What’s more, lots of children, like me, with olderbrothers and action loving dads, had been brought up on a macho movie diet of80’s cult action. Back in the glory days of VHS, many movies were not certifiedwhen they came out for home release, meaning you could get away with lettingyour kids watch all manner of inappropriate cult stuff from the 80’s and early90’s. Any given day in my childhood, I’d watch cult action classics like Commando, Terminator, Predator, Rambo, Alienand Robocop. These were my action heroes. Larger than life characters.Musclebound beefcakes taking on incredible odds. But for Star Wars, whose characters were certainly not of the 80’s and 90’saction hero variety, thesemuscle bound action figures were pretty strange. 

和我情况很像的同龄人（家中有一个兄长和喜欢动作片的老爹），看尽了80年代如浪潮般的“邪典”动作片。录像带（VHS）的“黄金时代”，很多影片因为无法通过大银幕的审查，所以转战家庭影院发行，这也意味着让小孩观看这些不太合适的血腥暴力的父母得以免责。《魔鬼司令》（Commando）、《终结者》（Terminator）、《铁血战士》（Predator）、《兰博》（Rambo）、《异形》（Alien）和《机械战警》（Robocop）都属于那个时代，主角尽是浑身腱子肉的猛男，摆着在现在看起来夸张而古怪的造型，却是我心中的偶像。然而，显而易见，“星战”的角色并不适用于这个范畴，因此让这些玩具看起来古怪非常。 

The toys were there because Star Wars was about to bere-released in the cinemas with updated effects and added scenes. Star Wars was no longer going to be athing that I adopted from my dad and older brother’s cult devotion, much likethe action heroes were. It was about to be renewed, remolded for the newgeneration. In short, Star Wars was about to become mine. And I had to haveevery single toy there was. No matter how freakishly muscular. 

这些肌肉造型的“星战”玩具的面世，是因为90年代“星战”试图重新发行，新的版本增添了一些特效和补充镜头。Kenner生产商很清楚自己的动机，销售了两年就全线停产，“饥饿营销”的方式使得大多数小朋友软磨硬泡希望家长能够掏钱让自己集齐这套人物手办。即便这套新版手办不完美，却迎合了八零后开始建立自己的星战玩具收藏的心理需求——不必再跟在兄长身后亦步亦趋，而是借此融入自己对“星战”的全新想象与诠释。

Star Wars was back and about to be bigger than ever,and alongside it, sci-fi and cult cinema in general would become huge businessin the 90s. The truth is cult exploded in the 90s, when the alternative, thestrange, cult, would increasingly become more and more popular. This wasa gradual trend which in some ways started as far back as the incrediblepopularity and following that Planet ofthe Apes garnered way back in 1968. A franchise that would, like Star Wars after it, spawn near onendless sequels, TV shows and all manner of merchandising and is still makingbig money at the box office today. Then,Star Wars, in ‘77 followed swiftly by Alien,released two years later in 79, would ensure that sci-fi and cult cinema werehighly bankable. Cult would continue to blossom in the 80’s with thecontinuation of the Star Wars saga,the continuing sequels of Alien andall manner of cult sci-fi and action, such as Predator, Robocop and the films of John Carpenter and the Mad Max series.

至此，“星战”在90年代实现回潮，同时伴随着科幻片和“邪典”电影成为真正意义上的大热门。事实上，“邪典”在90年代实现了爆炸式的激增，“非主流”、怪异、“邪典”日益变成时髦。从70年代的问世，到90年代的爆红，“星战”的发展轨迹和1968年的《人猿星球》（Planet of Apes）有些相似，后者孵化出数不清的相关电视剧集以及衍生品，而且重启的新版依然赚得盆满钵满。1977年问世的第一部《星球大战》和稍后一点的《异形》（1979）证明了科幻邪典片是非常有利可图的类型，80年代加入这个行列的《铁血战士》、《机械战警》以及约翰·卡朋特（JohnCarpenter）的系列作品与“疯狂的麦克斯”系列，都预示着科幻片是电影市场的下一片“红海”。

The late 90’s would see a mass resurgence of cultpopularity with the re-release of the original Star Wars films in ‘97, followed by the Phantom Menace in ‘99. But what really made cult huge in the 90s,was The Matrix. The release of which made geekiness and the alternative cool.Cult had always been loved particularly from the 80’s but the emergence of The Matrix, the reissue of Star Warsfollowed swiftly by the prequels and the popularity of Tarantino meant cult hadreally exploded into the mainstream. Geekiness became cool. Widely accepted bymass audiences, financially viable, mainstream. The alternative boomed and hascontinued to boom as mainstream trend has converged with cult cinema. It wasthe 90s that saw Tarantino soar with his alternative cult style and what wouldfollow into the noughties would be a mainstream fascination with cult cinema.Particularly in sci-fi and grindhouse cinema through Tarantino’s and Rodriguez’exploration into Grindhouse cinema with Death Proof and Planet Terror.

90年代晚期见证了邪典从小众变为潮流。1997年重新发行“星战”正传三部曲，紧接着1999年上映了“星战”前传三部曲的第一部《魅影危机》（Phantom Menace）。《黑客帝国》（The Matrix）让“邪典”真正走到主流市场的聚光灯下，极客成为一种时髦。随着《黑客帝国》的兴起，“星战”前传的开拍，以及塔伦蒂诺的走红，曾经的“邪典”在审美上为大众所喜闻乐见，经济上有利可图，很难讲是主流文化对“邪典”进行收编，还是“邪典”主动汇入了主流文化。观众对“邪典”的兴趣日益高涨，科幻片与磨坊电影（grindhousecinema）如雨后春笋，最具代表性的便是塔伦蒂诺与罗德里格兹恶搞翻拍的B级片《金刚不坏》（Death Proof）和《恐怖星球》（Planet Terror）。

The fact is that Star Wars was cult. So wereSuperheroes. As well as the genres that have now pushed their way into or beenexploited, depending on how you want to view it, by the mainstream. Thealternative genres of fantasy, sci-fi and dystopia have become the mainstreamgenres. Cult has become cool, has become hip and has become financially viable.Cult cinema is big business. If George had kept making them, Star Wars wouldremain cult. With all the hallmarks that come with the genre. As the prequelsdid: Ropey dialogue; check. Poor visuals that age terribly; check. Nonsensicalmoments and yet still garnering a cultish devotion among the fringes of thecinema going public? ‘We want our Ewan McGregor Obi Wan Kenobi film now!’ …Check, check, check.

不能否认，《星球大战》确实曾是“邪典”，和“超级英雄”一样。而今日，却只是被主流文化剥削的一种亚类型，幻想、科幻和反乌托邦被一一拍到江郎才尽——“邪典”电影变成一门生意。话说回来，如果卢卡斯能够继续接受“星战”，也许还能保存一点最初的“邪典性”。毕竟，前传虽然口碑不如正传，但是老套的对白、粗糙的特效、多余的镜头等等，都是“星战”不可磨灭的痕迹，也是粉丝魂牵梦绕的地方。“我们想看欧比旺的独立电影！”听听粉丝们的呼吁，就知道这个文本还在发挥着未尽的余热。

Vader Was My Father: Star Wars and the Oedipus Complexin western family

维达是我父:《星球大战》对西方家庭关系的精准复述

Cult cinema stays with you. Even if you forget aboutit for a time, your cult love will come right back to you when you need itbecause your girlfriend dumped you, or your brother left home for universitywhen you were nine and he was your whole life and the saga of Luke Skywalkerfilled that void in his absence. To me, Vader was my father. He’d messed uppretty bad and we’d had fights. But he was still my dad and there was good inhim. I knew it. 

“邪典”一直与你同在。即便有时它已被遗忘在记忆深处，你的“邪典”情结总在你最需要它的时候浮现出来：比如你被女友甩了或者亲密无间的哥哥离开家前往大学校园，这段情感的空窗期，仿佛卢克·天行者会与你一同挨过去。于我而言，维达也像我的父亲一样，人生尽是错处，我站出来与他对抗，但是我知道他内心的那一丝善意。

My brother was Han Solo. The loveable rogue who had togo his own way but would always come back. When it was time for him to leavehome and go to university so that he had to put me off for a year. He used StarWars to explain it to me. ‘Just one more season Luke. And you can join theacademy next year.’ He was still my ticket off this damn rock. My wretched hiveof scum and villainy wasn’t the Mos Eisley spaceport; it was Peterborough.

我哥哥就像韩·索罗。惹人喜爱的独行侠，时而远去，但是在关键时刻会回到我身边。当他离开家去上大学的时候，他引用“星战”中的台词安慰我：“再几年，卢克，然后你也可以加入星际学院了。”我仿佛每天都站在岩石上，等着夕阳余晖中的星舰到来，老家变成了破败的莫斯艾斯利（Mos Eisley）。

卢克看到两个落日的经典时刻

In any givenscenario, there can be a Star Wars’ quote or moment that will see me though theday and help me find a positive outcome from the situation. When I remember,there’s a nostalgic joy that fills my heart. Forget the ships and lightsabers,when it comes down to it, Star Wars is a philosophical tale about family. It’sthat, which makes people love it and connect to it so much; the familiar motif offamily drama that has been told and re-told through literature and popular art.Filtered and obscured through a spaceship extravaganza. And so entwined withthe characters are the series’ fans, that the connection felt for them is adeep one. When Carrie Fisher, the series enigmatic heroine, passed away lastyear, it was a loss that cut many to the core. We didn’t just lose a film’sPrincess. We lost our Princess.

在很多的情景脚本中，都可以找到一句适当的“星战”语录，来缓解困境，自我安慰，召唤积极的心态。每当此时，一种欢愉的乡愁就会从我的内心升起。刨除飞船和光剑，《星球大战》其实对西方社会家庭伦理关系的具体复刻，似乎是引发其观众共鸣的源头，父子关系是西方文学与通俗艺术永远的母题，在科幻外衣之下格外动人。影迷与角色感同身受。当塑造了极富吸引力的蕾娅公主的凯莉·费雪去年仙逝，对于影迷来说是心碎的，我们不仅是失去了一位电影中的公主，我们失去了自己的公主。

My cultishdevotion to Star Wars was dominated by the series’ dramatic comeback in the 90s’when I was a child. Now it is time for the next generation to explore andlocate their own self-projection in the Disney patented Star Wars. It’s aprofound world, with a potentially limitless vertical climb of perspectives andinterpretations. In this sense, Star Wars is cult with infinite potential.

如同90年代，与我同龄的一代人在“星战”回潮中重温“邪典”热情，是时候让下一辈在迪士尼化的“星战”中找寻自己的足迹。一个得以垂直衍生出多重视角，而供几代人在其中徜徉探索的世界观，从这个意义上说，《星球大战》具有永恒的“邪典”潜力。

“秘密电影”（Secret Cinema）对于《星球大战2：帝国反击战》的浸没式现场重现

同类影片指南：

《黑客帝国》（The Matrix, 1999, 美国）dir.Lilly Wachowski, Lana Wachowski

《回到未来》（Back to the Future, 1985, 美国）dir.Robert Zemeckis

《第五元素》（The fifth Element, 1997, 法国）dir.Luc Besson

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《邪典电影本纪》系列图文专栏

已在“豆瓣时间”正式上线

这是一个旨在令那些因种种原因从未被系统记录过的电影文化和电影史获得其应有尊重的专栏；

这是一间有史以来最系统讲述邪典电影历史与美学体系的虚拟课堂；

也是一部令你对邪典电影的来龙去脉形成清晰脉络的观影指南。

不是一般意义上的荧屏杂锦，也算不上什么正经荐片清单，只是通过50部精选作品，拂去那些杰出小众电影上的偏见的尘霾，带你感受邪典电影发展历程中的50个美妙的瞬间！

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