大家周末愉快!这周大家看奥运会比赛了吗?
推迟一年,2020年东京奥运会终于在7月23日开幕了。这恐怕是现代奥运会史上最波折的一届奥运会。直到开幕式前的一周,东京奥组委总监仍表示,不排除在最后一分钟取消奥运会的可能性。直到最后一刻,针对此次奥运会是否该办,依然充斥着不同的声音。
我选了《经济学人》7月17日的一篇报道,我们一起来读一读。
大家先跟着音频独立阅读原文,有读不懂的地方不要紧,后面会有详细的讲解。
Rings on the ropes
The 2020 Olympics will be memorable, but not in the way Japan hoped
Even if disaster is averted, a sense of national renewal will remain elusive
Clouds gathered over Komazawa stadium in Tokyo as the Olympic torch arrived on July 9th. Because of the pandemic, the traditional public relay was replaced by a small ceremony behind the stadium’s closed doors. Protesters outside held signs that read “Protect lives not the Olympics” and “Extinguish the Olympic torch”. As Kyogoku Noriko, a civil servant, put it, “Now is not the time for a festival.” More enthusiastic onlookers lined a nearby footbridge, hoping to catch a glimpse of the flame through the stadium’s rafters. For Honma Taka, an office worker, the torch offered “a bit of light within the darkness”.
Mr Honma longingly recalled a brighter day in the same park eight years earlier, when he joined thousands of others to celebrate as Tokyo won the right to host the games. Abe Shinzo, Japan’s prime minister at the time, said he was happier than he had been when he became prime minister. Mr Abe saw the Olympics as a chance to lend credence to his bullish catchphrase: “Japan is back”. He hoped the games would help the country snap out of its gloom after decades of economic stagnation, demographic decline and devastating natural disasters. The games, says Taniguchi Tomohiko, a special adviser to Mr Abe, were seen as a source of “a commodity that was in scarce supply: hope for the future”.
我们先来看一看标题:
Rings on the ropes
风雨飘摇的五环旗
The 2020 Olympics will be memorable, but not in the way Japan hoped
2020年东京奥运会注定令人难忘,但其记忆点却并非如日本所愿
Even if disaster is averted, a sense of national renewal will remain elusive
即便能不以灾难收场,国家面貌却也难以焕然一新
-
rope
为名词,本来是「绳索」的意思,
on the ropes
是一个习语,指「濒于失败;走投无路 」
(very close to being defeated)
,是不是和中文里的「命悬一线」意象很相近 ?我们可以联系起来记忆。
电影La La Land里就出现过这个词:
The thing is ... You're acting like life's got me on the ropes.
-
小标题 rings on the ropes 字面义是「
绳子上的五环」。而五环象征着奥运会,因此rings on the rope 也是在说这场奥运会风雨飘摇、危机四伏
。一语双关,十分精妙。
-
memorable
指「难忘的,值得纪念的」
(special, good or unusual and therefore worth remembering or easy to)
。想想你有什么难忘的事?memorable这个词可以马上用起来。
-
avert
[əˈvɜːt] 为动词,指「防止,避免」
(to prevent sth bad or dangerous from happening)
,后面多跟危险、坏事。近义词还有ward off, fend off, stave off等等,都是外刊里的高频词。
接下来,我们来逐句看第一段。第一段从奥运圣火的传递这一小点切入,揭示东京奥运会面临的阻碍。
①Clouds gathered over Komazawa stadium in Tokyo as the Olympic torch arrived on July 9th.
奥运火炬7月9号抵达东京驹泽体育馆时,体育馆上空乌云密布。
-
📘语篇分析:
第①句描写奥运圣火到达体育馆的场景,象征着奥运会即将开幕。阴云笼罩的天气也暗指举办本届奥运会的坎坷。
-
the Olympic torch
指「奥运火炬」。火炬手称作:
a torch bearer
。
-
stadium
[ˈsteɪdiəm] 指「
体育场,运动场」。
②Because of the pan
demic, the traditional public relay was replaced by a small ceremony behind the stadium’s closed doors.
因为疫情,传统的大众接力传递被改为体育馆内闭门举办的小型仪式。
-
注意两种词性的重音位置不同:
relay
作名词时,读作['riːleɪ]。
relay
作动词时,读作[riː'leɪ]。
发音遵循「名前动后」的原则,即作为名词时,重音位置在第一个音节;作为动词时,重音位置在第二个音节。
类似的词还有:record, contact, conflict, progress等等,这些词都是既可以作名词,也可以作动词,作名词时重音在前,作动词时重音在后。
③Protesters outside held s
igns that read “P
rotect lives not the Olympics” and “Extinguish the Olympic torch”.
抗议者在场地外举着写有“保护生命而非奥运”以及“熄灭奥运火炬”的标语。
-
动词
protest
指「抗议,反对」,
protester
便表示「抗议者」。
-
read
这里不是「读」的意思,而是指「写着,写成」,用于引出告示牌、信件等等的内容。
再举个例子:
A sign on the outer door read: ‘No Entry’.
外边的门上有一块牌子写着禁止入内。
[熟词僻义]
-
-
extinguish
为动词,本义是「扑灭,熄灭」
(to make a fire or light stop burning or shining)
,相当于
put out
,比如:
extinguish the fire
灭火
extinguish the light
熄灯
-
extinguish
还可喻指「使...破灭,使... 消亡」
(If something extinguishes a feeling or idea, it destroys it)
。举个例子:
Our hopes have been extinguished by those failures
. 我们的希望因那些失败而破灭。
文中
Extinguish the Olympic torch
既明指熄灭奥运火炬上的火苗,又意指叫停东京奥运会。
④As Kyogoku Noriko, a civil servant, put it, “Now is not the time for a festival.”
正如公务员京谷纪子所说,“现在不是欢庆节日的时候”。
-
put
此处是「说,表达」的意思,
as sb puts it
即「正如某人所说」,是一个非常高频的用法。既可以放在句首、句末,也可以放在句中作插入语。我们来看一些例子:
He admitted the security forces might have made some mistakes, as he put it.
如他所说的,他承认治安部队可能犯了一些错误。
True human happiness should be, as he put it, complete.
人类真正的幸福应该是,如他所说,全面的。
[熟词僻义]
我们在
塞林格:爱是想触碰又收回手 | 双语阅读
里也遇见过put的这个用法:
In references to Shirley's looks people often put it this way: "Shirley's as pretty as a picture.”
提到雪莉的长相,人们总会这样说:“雪莉美得像画里的人。”
-
civil servant
人民的的公仆,即「公务员」。
-
顺便补充一下
the civil
service
既可指「行政部门」,也可以表示「公务员」。
⑤More enthusiastic onlookers lined a nearby footbridge, hoping to catch a glimpse of the flame through the stadium’s rafters.
很多人也在附近的人行天桥上兴奋地列队围观,希望能透过体育馆的梁柱看一眼奥运圣火。
-
onlooker
指「旁观者,观看者」
(someone who watches something happening without being involved in it)
,来自于动词短语
loo
k on
。
-
中文里的「旁观者清」,便可以译作:
The onlooker see the most of the game
.
-
近义词还有
bystander
,也表示
「旁观者」,来自于动词短语
stand by
。
-
line
此处为动词,
line sth
指「沿…排列成行」
(to form rows along the sides of something)
,
文中 line a nearby footbridge 指「沿着附近的人行桥排列成行」。再举个例子:
Crowds of people
lined
the streets to watch the race.
人群站在街道两旁观看赛跑。
-
catch a glimpse of sth
这个词大家重点掌握。
glimpse
作名词,指「一瞥,一看」
(
a quick look at someone or something
that does not allow you to see them clearly)。
catch a glimpse of sth
是「瞥见」什么的意思,看到一眼,但是没看清楚。
举个例子:某些追星族为了一睹偶像的风采已在酒店外守候了24小时。
Some of the fans had waited 24 hours outside the hotel to catch a glimpse of their idols.
再比如《经济学人》一篇关于珠三角的文章这样写道:
To catch a glimpse of the future of the PRD, head to the Lok Ma Chau Loop.
想要一窥珠三角的前景,去落马洲河套区看看吧。
-
give sb a glimpse of sth
表示「让某人看一眼...」。
-
《纽约时报》一篇关于综艺《中国有嘻哈》的文章有这样一句话:
Still, rappers dissed one another and argued with the judges in its first season in 2017, giving Chinese viewers a glimpse of the swagger and rebelliousness of hip-hop.
不过在2017年的第一季中,饶舌歌手们互相表示过鄙夷,并与裁判进行过争辩,让中国观众得以一睹嘻哈乐的狂妄与叛逆。
-
另外,
glimpse
也可以作为及物动词,意思与名词一样,比如
I glimpsed a figure at the window.
我瞥见窗前有个身影。
[写作推荐]
-
rafter
指支撑屋顶的「椽子」。
the stadium’s rafters 指下图箭头所指的位置。人们可以通过这里看到奥运圣火。
⑥For Honma Taka, an office worker, the torch offered “a bit of light within the darkness”.
对办公室文员本间贵宽(Honma Taka)而言,奥运火炬则是提供了“黑暗中的一点亮光”。
我们把第一段话连起来读一遍,注意尽量一遍读完,不要回读。如此循环往复地训练,直到能够流畅地一次性读完。
Clouds gathered over Komazawa stadium in Tokyo as the Olympic torch arrived on July 9th. Because of the pandemic, the traditional public relay was replaced by a small ceremony behind the stadium’s closed doors. Protesters outside held signs that read “Protect lives not the Olympics” and “Extinguish the Olympic torch”. As Kyogoku Noriko, a civil servant, put it, “Now is not the time for a festival.” More enthusiastic onlookers lined a nearby footbridge, hoping to catch a glimpse of the flame through the stadium’s rafters. For Honma Taka, an office worker, the torch offered “a bit of light within the darkness”.
奥运火炬7月9号抵达东京驹泽体育馆时,体育馆上空乌云密布。因为疫情的原因,传统的大众接力传递被改为体育馆内闭门举办的小型仪式。抗议者在场地外举着写有“保护生命而非奥运”以及“熄灭奥运火炬”的标语。正如公务员京谷纪子所说,“现在不是欢庆节日的时候”。很多人也在附近的人行天桥上兴奋地列队围观,希望能透过体育馆的梁柱一睹火炬的芳容。对办公室文员本间贵宽而言,奥运火炬则是提供了“黑暗中的一点亮光”。
第二段,作者回顾当初申办奥运会时日本对奥运会寄予的厚望。
①Mr Honma longingly recalled a brighter day in the same park eight years earlier, when he joined thousands of others to celebrate as Tokyo won the right to host the games.
本间热切地回忆起八年前也是在这个公园,那是天朗气清的一天,他和数千民众一道庆祝东京赢得奥运会举办权。
-
📘语篇分析:
①句承接上文,借由本间的回忆把时间拨回到八年前。
brighter 一词与首段描绘的darkness形成鲜明对比。
-
recall
指「记起;回忆起;回想起」,相当于remember。
-
host the games
指「举办奥运会」。复数形式
games
表示「运动会」,文中特指奥运会。
②Abe Shinzo, Japan’s prime minister at the time, said he was happier than he had been when he became prime minister.
日本时任首相安倍晋三曾说,这简直比当选首相还要令他高兴
。
③Mr Abe saw the Olympics as a chance to lend credence to his bullish catchphrase: “Japan is back”.
安倍视奥运为一个契机,可以让人们对他“日本回来了”的豪言壮语增添信任。
-
📘语篇分析:③④句承接②句,解释当时安倍如此高兴的原因。
-
credence
[ˈkriː.d ə ns] 为不可数名词,指「可信性;真实性」
(quality that an idea or a story has that makes you believe it is true)
。比如:
I'm not prepared to give credence to anonymous complaints.
我不会相信那些匿名投诉。
-
lend credence to sth
是一个词组,指「增加某事物的可信度」。举个例子:
His bruises added/lent credence to his statement that he had been beaten.
他的淤伤证实了自己被打的说法。
-
bullish
[ˈbʊliʃ]为形容词,指「积极乐观的,对未来有信心的」
(feeling confident about the future)
。
在商业语境下,
bullish
还可表示「股票行情看涨的,牛市的」。
我们平时说的「牛市」,便称作
bull
market
,指股票价格上升、股民纷纷购买股票的时期。
与其相反的是
bear
market
「熊市」,指预期价格下跌而售出股票的一段时期。
-
catchphrase
指「名言,口头禅」,我们平时说的yyds,老友记里joey 说的How you doing? 李佳琦的“Oh! My! God! ”都可以叫做catchphrase。
④He hoped the games would help the country snap out of its gloom after decades of economic stagnation, demographic decline and devastating natural disasters.
他原本寄希望于奥运会可以帮助日本重振雄风,走出数十年的经济低迷、人口下滑以及天灾重创。
-
📘语篇分析:④句借安倍的视角,说明东京奥运会对于日本的非凡意义。
-
snap
作动词,本义是「打响指」。
snap out of sth / snap out of it
是一个习语,表示「摆脱消极情绪,振作起来」
(to make an effort to stop feeling unhappy or depressed)
。像打个响指一样走出阴霾。
比如你的朋友失恋了,一直哭哭啼啼,我们就可以说:
Come on, snap out of it!
-
snap sb out of it
则表示「让...摆脱消极情绪」
(to help sb to stop feeling unhappy)
。《寻梦环游记》里就出现了这个词:Hector repeated to Miguel to snap him out of his terrified daze.埃克托又说了一遍,想让米格从恐惧里回过神来。
-
snap out of one's gloom
这个表达大家积累下来,可以表示某个国家走出阴霾。
-
gloom
[gluːm]为名词,指「忧郁;愁闷;无望」
(a feeling of being sad and without hope)
。
-
gloomy
是其形容词形式,本义是「黑暗的,阴暗的」,相当于
dark
,比如:
a gloomy room
昏暗的房间,其引申义主要有俩:
①一是形容人悲观、闷闷不乐,相当于
pessimistic
。
短语
be gloomy about sth
相当于
be pessimistic about sth
,指「对…持悲观态度」。
比如BBC一篇疫情对英国年轻人影响的文章有这样一句话:
Young people
are particularly gloomy about
the country's prospects, only 29% of 18-24 year olds express optimism about their future in the next year.
年轻人对国家的前景尤其悲观,只有29%的18-24岁年轻人对明年表示乐观。
②二是用于形容形势不容乐观,比如「前景黯淡」可以说:
The future looks gloomy.
此时
gloomy
可以和
bleak
和
grim
互换。
[
写作推荐
]
-
economic
stagnation
指「经济停滞」。
stagnate
[stægˈneɪt] 为动词,表示「停滞;不进步」
。
stagnant
[ˈstægnənt] 为形容词,指「停滞不前的」。