Spatial Characteristics of Multidimensional Urban Vitality and Its Impact Mechanisms by the Built Environment
by Aibo Jin[ORCID] , Yunyu Ge and Shiyang Zhang * [ORCID]
School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Land 2024, 13(7), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070991
Submission received: 10 June 2024 / Revised: 26 June 2024 / Accepted: 1 July 2024 / Published: 5 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planning for Sustainable Urban and Land Development)
Abstract
Urban vitality, intricately connected to urban morphology, has long been a cornerstone of urban planning and design. The accelerated pace of urbanization has created abundant living and working spaces, but it has also brought about a series of issues such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, insufficient public spaces, and uneven urban development, leading to a decline in urban vitality. The spatial distribution patterns of urban vitality and their influencing factors are diverse and vary across different cities, necessitating a multidimensional exploration of the relationship between urban vitality and the built environment. Utilizing the central urban area of Beijing as a case study, this research leverages multi-source urban spatial data to delineate the spatial characteristics of social, economic, cultural, and comprehensive vitality. Furthermore, a comprehensive set of built-environment indicators is developed across five dimensions to analyze their correlation with urban vitality. The results indicate: (1) There is a significant spatial clustering of various vitality types in Beijing, with a pronounced correlation between high-density population aggregation and vigorous economic activities. (2) Subdistricts exhibiting high social vitality display an “n”-shaped distribution around the Second Ring Road. In contrast, those with high economic vitality are concentrated along Chang’an Street and various district commercial centers. High cultural vitality subdistricts are distributed in a northwest–southeast trajectory from the Fourth Ring Road to the Second Ring Road, and subdistricts with high comprehensive vitality exhibit a concentric distribution radiating outwards from the center. (3) Social vitality is most closely related to comprehensive vitality, and the various vitality types in Beijing’s central urban area develop relatively evenly. (4) The built environment significantly affects all types of urban vitality. Factors such as floor area ratio, POI density, POI mixing degree, and intersection density are fundamental to enhancing urban vitality, whereas the greening rate somewhat inhibits it. (5) Future spatial planning should utilize the radiating effect of high-vitality subdistricts to optimize population distribution, enhance POI mixing, increase metro station density, and strengthen critical urban structures for synergistic economic and cultural development. This study provides a foundation and promotion strategies for optimizing the layout and enhancing vitality at the subdistrict scale within Beijing’s central urban area.
Keywords: urban vitality; built environment; spatial distribution; promotion strategies; Beijing’s central area
实证研究｜城市｜活力｜空间｜建成环境｜OLS｜GWR｜"多维城市活力的空间特征及其建成环境影响机制"
抽象
城市生命力的，错综复杂的连接到城市的形态，长期以来一直是一个基石的城市规划和设计。步伐加快的城市化具有创造的丰富的生活和工作空间，但它也带来了有关一系列问题，如交通拥挤、环境污染，不足的公共空间，并不均衡的都市发展，导致在下降，城市生命力。空间分布模式的城市生命力及其影响的因素是多种多样而变化在不同的城市，因此需要一个多层面的勘探之间的关系，城市生命力和建筑环境。利用该中心的城市地区的北京作为个案研究，这项研究利用了多种来源的城市空间数据界定的空间特征的社会、经济、文化和全面的活力。此外，一套全面的建立环境指标是开发了跨越五个方面来分析它们的相关性与城市生命力。结果表明：(1)有一个明显的空间分类的各种活力类型，在北京、具有明显的相关性之间的高密度人群聚集和剧烈的经济活动。(2)县表现出高社会的活力显示一个"n"形分布围绕第二环的道路。与此相反，那些具有较高经济活力都集中在沿长安街和各区商业中心。高文化的活力分区分布在西北–东南轨迹从第四次环形道路的第二次环形道路和分区具有高全面的活力，表现出同心分布向外辐射的中心。(3)社会活力是最密切相关的综合全面的活力，并将各种活力类型，在北京的中心城区开发相对均匀。(4)建筑环境的明显影响所有类型的城市活力。因素，例如地面积比例，POI密度，POI混合程度，交叉路口密度都是基本要加强城市的活力，而绿化速度有点抑制它。(5)未来的空间规划应当利用辐射效应高的活力县，以优化人口分布、加强POI混合，提高地铁站的密度，并加强关键的城市结构的协同经济和文化发展。这项研究提供了一个基础和促进战略，对优化布局和增强生命力在该分区的规模在北京的中心城区。
关键词城市活力 ; 建立环境 ; 空间分布 ; 促进战略 ; 北京中心地区
