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来源：Rollen Holt
链接：www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/p/4202631.html
如何清空缓存
好，到目前为止，我们的 spring cache 缓存程序已经运行成功了，但是还不完美，因为还缺少一个重要的缓存管理逻辑：清空缓存.
当账号数据发生变更，那么必须要清空某个缓存，另外还需要定期的清空所有缓存，以保证缓存数据的可靠性。
为了加入清空缓存的逻辑，我们只要对 AccountService2.java 进行修改，从业务逻辑的角度上看，它有两个需要清空缓存的地方
我们在AccountService2的基础上进行修改，修改为AccountService3，代码如下：
import com.google.common.base.Optional;
import com.rollenholt.spring.cache.example1.Account;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @author wenchao.ren
* 2015/1/5.
*/
@Service
public class AccountService3 {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountService3.class);
// 使用了一个缓存名叫 accountCache
@Cacheable(value="accountCache")
public Account getAccountByName(String accountName) {
// 方法内部实现不考虑缓存逻辑，直接实现业务
logger.info("real querying account... {}", accountName);
Optional
accountOptional = getFromDB(accountName);
if (!accountOptional.isPresent()) {
throw new IllegalStateException(String.format("can not find account by account name : [%s]", accountName));
}
return accountOptional.get();
}
@CacheEvict(value="accountCache",key="#account.getName()")
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
updateDB(account);
}
@CacheEvict(value="accountCache",allEntries=true)
public void reload() {
}
private void updateDB(Account account) {
logger.info("real update db...{}", account.getName());
}
private Optional
getFromDB(String accountName) {
logger.info("real querying db... {}", accountName);
//Todo query data from database
return Optional.fromNullable(new Account(accountName));
}
}
我们的测试代码如下：
import com.rollenholt.spring.cache.example1.Account;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class AccountService3Test {
private AccountService3 accountService3;
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(AccountService3Test.class);
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext2.xml");
accountService3 = context.getBean("accountService3", AccountService3.class);
}
@Test
public void testGetAccountByName() throws Exception {
logger.info("first query.....");
accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName");
logger.info("second query....");
accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName");
}
@Test
public void testUpdateAccount() throws Exception {
Account account1 = accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName1");
logger.info(account1.toString());
Account account2 = accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName2");
logger.info(account2.toString());
account2.setId(121212);
accountService3.updateAccount(account2);
// account1会走缓存
account1 = accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName1");
logger.info(account1.toString());
// account2会查询db
account2 = accountService3.getAccountByName("accountName2");
logger.info(account2.toString());
}
@Test
public void testReload() throws Exception {
accountService3.reload();
// 这2行查询数据库
accountService3.getAccountByName("somebody1");
accountService3.getAccountByName("somebody2");
// 这两行走缓存
accountService3.getAccountByName("somebody1");
accountService3.getAccountByName("somebody2");
}
}
在这个测试代码中我们重点关注testUpdateAccount()方法，在测试代码中我们已经注释了在update完account2以后，再次查询的时候，account1会走缓存，而account2不会走缓存，而去查询db，观察程序运行日志，运行日志为：
01:37:34.549 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying account... accountName1
01:37:34.551 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying db... accountName1
01:37:34.552 [main] INFO c.r.s.c.example3.AccountService3Test - Account{id=0, name='accountName1'}
01:37:34.553 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying account... accountName2
01:37:34.553 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying db... accountName2
01:37:34.555 [main] INFO c.r.s.c.example3.AccountService3Test - Account{id=0, name='accountName2'}
01:37:34.555 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real update db...accountName2
01:37:34.595 [main] INFO c.r.s.c.example3.AccountService3Test - Account{id=0, name='accountName1'}
01:37:34.596 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying account... accountName2
01:37:34.596 [main] INFO c.r.s.cache.example3.AccountService3 - real querying db... accountName2
01:37:34.596 [main] INFO c.r.s.c.example3.AccountService3Test - Account{id=0, name='accountName2'}
我们会发现实际运行情况和我们预估的结果是一致的。
如何按照条件操作缓存
前面介绍的缓存方法，没有任何条件，即所有对 accountService 对象的 getAccountByName 方法的调用都会起动缓存效果，不管参数是什么值。
如果有一个需求，就是只有账号名称的长度小于等于 4 的情况下，才做缓存，大于 4 的不使用缓存
虽然这个需求比较坑爹，但是抛开需求的合理性，我们怎么实现这个功能呢？
通过查看CacheEvict注解的定义，我们会发现：
/**
* Annotation indicating that a method (or all methods on a class) trigger(s)
* a cache invalidate operation.
*
* @author Costin Leau
* @author Stephane Nicoll
* @since 3.1
* @see CacheConfig
*/
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface CacheEvict {
/**
* Qualifier value for the specified cached operation.
*
May be used to determine the target cache (or caches), matching the qualifier
* value (or the bean name(s)) of (a) specific bean definition.
*/
String[] value() default {};
/**
* Spring Expression Language (SpEL) attribute for computing the key dynamically.
*
Default is "", meaning all method parameters are considered as a key, unless
* a custom {@link #keyGenerator()} has been set.
*/
String key() default "";
/**
* The bean name of the custom {@link org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator} to use.
*
Mutually exclusive with the {@link #key()} attribute.
*/
String keyGenerator() default "";
/**
* The bean name of the custom {@link org.springframework.cache.CacheManager} to use to
* create a default {@link org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheResolver} if none
* is set already.
*
Mutually exclusive with the {@link #cacheResolver()} attribute.
* @see org.springframework.cache.interceptor.SimpleCacheResolver
*/
String cacheManager() default "";
/**
* The bean name of the custom {@link org.springframework.cache.interceptor.CacheResolver} to use.
*/
String cacheResolver() default "";
/**
* Spring Expression Language (SpEL) attribute used for conditioning the method caching.
*
Default is "", meaning the method is always cached.
*/
String condition() default "";
/**
* Whether or not all the entries inside the cache(s) are removed or not. By
* default, only the value under the associated key is removed.
*
Note that setting this parameter to {@code true} and specifying a {@link #key()}
* is not allowed.
*/
boolean allEntries() default false;
/**
* Whether the eviction should occur after the method is successfully invoked (default)
* or before. The latter causes the eviction to occur irrespective of the method outcome (whether
* it threw an exception or not) while the former does not.
*/
boolean beforeInvocation() default false;
}
定义中有一个condition描述：
Spring Expression Language (SpEL) attribute used for conditioning the method caching.Default is “”, meaning the method is always cached.
我们可以利用这个方法来完成这个功能，下面只给出示例代码：
@Cacheable(value="accountCache",condition="#accountName.length()
public Account getAccountByName(String accountName) {
// 方法内部实现不考虑缓存逻辑，直接实现业务
return getFromDB(accountName);
