县域国土空间综合功能分区研究——以贵州省88个县为例

Territorial spatial evaluation and zoning management play a pivotal role in territorial spatial planning, which serves as a vital tool for facilitating coordinated regional development. This study focuses on 88 county units in Guizhou Province to establish a comprehensive functional zoning evaluation index system for national land space. The system integrates six aspects of national land space functions: agricultural production, industrial development, human settlement services, tourism services, mineral resource supply, and ecological services. Subsequently, the functional zoning of national land space in Guizhou Province was optimized and adjusted based on this evaluation. The findings reveal several key insights. First, there is significant variability in the evaluation of individual functions of Guizhou Province’s land space, with industrial development and tourism and leisure functions comprising the highest proportions at 30.68%. Second, driven by social and economic development, some counties and regions have undergone functional transformations, transitioning from primary agricultural production areas to key development zones. Third, except for three counties primarily focused on ecological service functions, all other counties and regions exhibit multi-cluster and multi-functional development patterns. This study provides decision support for the rational development and utilization of national land space in the karst mountains of Guizhou Province. Furthermore, the methodological approach and findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for the functional zoning and optimization of national land space.

国土空间评价和分区管理是国土空间规划的核心内容和重要支撑，同时也是地区协调发展的重要手段。该文以贵州省 88 个县域单元为研究单元，探讨从国土空间农产品生产、产业发展、人居服务、旅游休闲、矿产资源供给和生态服务六个方面的功能构建国土空间综合功能分区评价指标体系，并对贵州省国土空间功能分区进行优化和调整。研究表明：（1）贵州省国土空间单功能评价存在较大的差异性，产业发展功能和旅游休闲功能占比最高，均为 30.68%；（2）受社会经济发展的影响，部分县区功能有所转变或实现了多种功能主导的现象，主要表现是由农产品主产区向重点开发区的转变；（3）除望谟县、册亨县和罗甸县 3 县以生态服务功能为主单一发展以外，其他县区均为多组团和多功能式发展。研究结果可为贵州省喀斯特山区国土空间的合理开发与利用提供决策支持，研究方法和思路可为国土空间功能分区和优化提供参考。