减重食谱五花八门，哪种效果最佳？打开本文，你就瘦了。
哪种减重法能让你月瘦三十斤？
作者：Alexandra Sifferlin
译者：文诗韵
校对：徐唱
编辑：王乐颖
本文选自 《时代周刊》 | 取经号原创翻译
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Here’s the best-kept secret about weight loss: No single diet--from low carb and paleo, to low fat and vegan-will work for everyone（Excerpt）
这里是关于减重最大的秘密——无论是低碳水、史前饮食、低脂还是素食，没有一种食谱能够对所有人有效
“Why don’t they just eat less and exercise more?” he remembers thinking. Trained as a physicist, the calories-in-vs.-calories-burned equation for weight loss always made sense to him. But then his own research—and the contestants on a smash reality-TV show—proved him wrong.
“他们为什么不能少吃多运动呢？”他记得自己曾经这么想过。作为一个物理学家，他向来认为通过计算摄入与消耗卡路里的方法来减肥是合理的。但他后续的研究以及减肥电视真人秀上选手的表现，却证明他错了。
Hall, a scientist at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), started watching The Big- gest Loser a few years ago on the recommendation of a friend. “I saw these folks stepping on scales, and they lost 20 lb. in a week,” he says. On the one hand, it tracked with wide- spread beliefs about weight loss: the workouts were punishing and the diets restrictive, so it stood to reason the men and women on the show would slim down. Still, 20 lb. in a week was a lot. To understand how they were doing it, he decided to study 14 of the contestants for a scientific paper.
霍尔是一名美国国立卫生研究院的科学家。一年前，他在朋友的推荐下开始看《超级减肥王》。他说：“我看那些参赛者们在节目上称重，他们一周内减了20磅。”而因为节目遵循广为流传的减肥守则（即巨大的运动量加上严格控制的饮食），参与其中的男女们会瘦下来是符合常理的。但不管如何，一周减20磅还是非常多的。为了弄明白他们是怎么做到的，霍尔决定取其中14个参赛者作为科研论文的研究对象。
Hall quickly learned that in reality-TV- land, a week doesn’t always translate into a precise seven days, but no matter: the weight being lost was real, speedy and huge. Over the course of the season, the contestants lost an average of 127 lb. each and about 64% of their body fat. If his study could uncover what was happening in their bodies on a physiological level, he thought, maybe he’d be able to help the staggering 71% of American adults who are overweight.
霍尔很快发现，在真人秀的世界里，一周并不是严格意义上的七天。但无论如何，迅速且显著的减重真实发生了。在这季节目中，竞赛者平均每人减掉了127磅的体重以及64%的身体脂肪。霍尔认为，如果他的研究可以揭露这些竞赛者在生理上经历的变化，那么这将对美国人口比例高达71%的体重超标人群有所帮助。
staggering /ˈstægərɪŋ/ adj extremely great or surprising. 难以置信的;令人震惊的
What he didn’t expect to learn was that even when the conditions for weight loss are TV- perfect—with a tough but motivating trainer, telegenic doctors, strict meal plans and killer workouts—the body will, in the long run, fight like hell to get that fat back. Over time, 13 of the 14 contestants Hall studied gained, on average, 66% of the weight they’d lost on the show, and four were heavier than they were before the competition.
让他意想不到的发现是，即便减肥条件能像在电视中那样完美（有一个严苛但一直激励你的教练、镜头感十足的减肥医生、严格的饮食计划和地狱般的运动量），你的身体在之后很长一段时间内还是会想方设法重新摄取脂肪。随着时间的推移，霍尔研究的14个参赛者中有13个体重反弹——他们在节目中减掉的重量平均每人恢复了66%。而其中4个甚至比参赛前更胖了。
telegenic /ˌtɛlɪ'dʒɛnɪk/ adj. well-suited to the medium of television; especially: having an appearance and manner that are markedly attractive to television viewers 适于电视广播的；上镜的
That may be depressing enough to make even the most motivated dieter give up. “There’s this notion of why bother trying,” says Hall. But finding answers to the weight-loss puzzle has never been more critical. The vast majority of American adults are overweight; nearly 40% are clinically obese. And doctors now know that excess body fat dramatically in- creases the risk of serious health problems, including Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, depression, respiratory problems, major cancers and even fertility problems. A 2017 study found that obesity now drives more early prevent- able deaths in the U.S. than smoking. This has fueled a weight-loss industry worth $66.3 billion, selling everything from diet pills to meal plans to fancy gym memberships.
这般令人沮丧的结果足够让最有动力的减肥者放弃。霍尔说：“有人认为，何必去烦恼做这种尝试。”但揭开减重之谜从未比现在更迫切。绝大部分的美国成年人超重；接近40％的人为医学定义上的肥胖。同时，医生现在也了解过多的身体脂肪可急剧增加罹患严重疾病的风险，包括II型糖尿病、心脏疾病、抑郁、呼吸系统问题、癌症、甚至是生育能力问题。根据2017年的一项调查显示，在美国，肥胖已超过吸烟，成为更多因（原可避免的）疾病而死亡案例的诱因。肥胖问题催生出了价值663亿美元的减肥产业，其中包括售卖减肥药到健身房会员等一切与减肥相关的产品。
It’s also fueled a rise in research. Last year the NIH provided an estimated $931 million in funding for obesity research, including Hall’s, and that research is giving scientists a new understanding of why dieting is so hard, why keeping the weight off over time is even harder and why the prevailing wisdom about weight loss seems to work only sometimes— for some people.
肥胖问题同时也催生了更多相关的研究。去年，美国国立卫生研究院在肥胖问题研究上投入了约9.31亿美元的资金。其中就包括了霍尔的研究。他的研究为科学家们提供了对减肥的新的理解：为什么减肥如此困难？为什么长期保持体重更加困难？为什么大家普遍接受的减重理念看起来却只有一些时候、只对一部分人奏效？
prevailing /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/ adj existing or accepted in a particular place or at a particular time 流行的;普遍的
What scientists are uncovering should bring fresh hope to the 155 million Americans who are overweight, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Leading researchers finally agree, for instance, that exercise, while critical to good health, is not an especially reliable way to keep off body fat over the long term. And the overly simplistic arithmetic of calories in vs. calories out has given way to the more nuanced understanding that it’s the composition of a person’s diet—rather than how much of it they can burn off working out—that sustains weight loss.
在美国疾控预防中心看来，科学家的新发现给1.55亿超重的美国人带来了崭新的希望。领头的研究者们最后同意，虽然锻炼对保持良好的健康至关重要，但它并非是长期远离脂肪特别可靠的方法。并且，过于简单化的卡路里摄于与消耗的计算方法已经逐渐退出舞台，取而代之的是另一个更细致的理解：成功减重的要素是个人的饮食结构，而非是运动可以消耗的卡路里量。
nuanced /ˈnjuːɑːns/ adj. having a very slight, hardly noticeable difference in manner, colour, meaning etc. (色彩、音调、措词、意味、香韵、感情等)有细微差别的
They also know that the best diet for you is very likely not the best diet for your next-door neighbor. Individual responses to different diets—from low fat and vegan to low carb and paleo -- vary enormously. “Some people on a diet program lose 60 lb. and keep it off for two years, and other people follow the same program religiously, and they gain 5 lb.,” says Frank Sacks, a leading weight-loss researcher and professor of cardiovascular disease prevention at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. “If we can figure out why, the potential to help people will be huge.”
研究人员同时意识到，对你最佳的减肥方案不一定是你邻居的最好方案。各人身体对不同减肥食谱（从低脂全素饮食到低碳水史前饮食*）的反应差距巨大。哈佛公共卫生学院减重项目的领头研究者、心血管疾病预防的教授弗兰克塞克斯说：“一些人在一个减重项目上瘦了60磅，并保持了两年。而当其他人笃信地也进行了同样的项目，他们却增重了5磅。，如果我们能明白其中原理，那么就可能为人们提供巨大帮助。”
*史前饮食：回归原始人饮食的方法，少吃谷物，少吃盐；主要以蛋白质，不饱和脂肪酸，新鲜蔬菜水果为主。不吃预先处理的食物（preprocessed food)。
Hall, Sacks and other scientists are showing that the key to weight loss appears to be highly personalized rather than trendy diets. And while weight loss will never be easy for anyone, the evidence is mounting that it’s possible for anyone to reach a healthy weight— people just need to find their best way there.
霍尔、塞克斯及其他科学家的研究成果表明，减重的关键不是流行的减肥食谱，而是高度个体差异化的计划。尽管减重对所有人来说都不是一件轻松的事，但越来越多的证据表明任何人都可以拥有健康的体重——只要能发现最合适他们的办法。
mounting /ˈmauntɪŋ/ adj. gradually increasing - often used about things that cause problems or trouble逐渐增加的
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