雅兹迪人大多生活在伊拉克，因信仰不同，ISIS迫害雅兹迪人，血洗村庄，俘虏强奸雅兹迪女性。而现在，雅兹迪女性组成了一只军队，在伊拉克战场上对抗ISIS。在ISIS武装分子的信仰中，他们为了伊斯兰教战斗而亡可以去天堂。他们人数更多，也更为残忍暴力。但这些女战士失去家人，等不到援军，唯有自救。在ISIS的信仰中，如果被女性打死，他们无法进入天堂。
如果被女性打死， ISIS无法进入天堂
作者：Sarah Moroz
译者：徐 唱
校对：王乐颖
策划：朱雨晴
The women taking on Isis: on the ground with Iraq's female fighters
对抗ISIS的女人——深入火线 探访伊拉克女战士
本文选自
The Guardian
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After their families were disappeared, tortured and murdered by Islamic State militants last year, young Yazidi women have armed themselves. Photographer Alfred Yaghobzadeh joins them.
去年，她们的家人失踪，饱受伊斯兰国武装分子的折磨，被他们杀害。于是，年轻的雅兹迪女人们穿上戎装、拿起武器。摄影师阿尔弗雷德·雅各布兹丹记录了她们。
“Her story is too long and too sad,” says Alfred Yaghobzadeh. An alert, unnerving eye is all that’s visible in his portrait of a Yazidi woman who was captured by Isis last year, taken through Iraq to Syria and raped repeatedly. Photographed in a
makeshift
house with no door, she
peeks
between a wall and a hanging blanket, lit by sunset.
“她的故事太长，也太过悲伤了。” 阿尔弗雷德·雅各布兹丹说。一张他拍摄的雅兹迪女性肖像上，只有一只机警不安的眼睛。去年ISIS俘虏她后，将她从伊拉克一路带到了叙利亚，并多次强奸她。这张照片摄于一座没有大门的
临时
房屋，她从墙和挂毯的缝隙中向外
窥视
，眼睛被落日照亮。
makeshift
['meɪkʃɪft] adj. made to be used for a short time only when nothing better is available 权宜的，临时（代用）的
Islamic State sees all Yazidis as pagan
infidels
. In August 2014, Isis attacked Yazidi villages in the Sinjar region of Iraq, driving locals into the mountains. They
bulldozed
villages, captured thousands of women as sex slaves and slaughtered everyone in their path, transforming the area into a terrorised war zone.
伊斯兰国将所有雅兹迪人视作
异教徒
。2014年8月，ISIS袭击了位于伊拉克辛贾尔地区的雅兹迪村庄。他们把当地人赶进山区，
夷平
村庄，掳掠几千个女人充当性奴，杀光路上见到的所有人。ISIS让整个地区变成了骇人的战场。
infidel
['ɪnfɪd(ə)l] n. an offensive word for someone who has a different religion from you异教徒
bulldoze
['bʊldəʊz] v. If people bulldoze something such as a building, they knock it down using a bulldozer. (用推土机) 推倒
Yaghobzadeh travelled to Sinjar to photograph the aftermath of the
devastation
over several trips in late 2014 and mid 2015. His recent
reportage
Yazidi Women: Their Bodies a Battlefield
shows how gender roles are shifting
in the face of
fundamentalism. He took partial portraits of women who were kidnapped, tortured and raped by Isis, subjected to “everything you could imagine for women among savages.” On top of the trauma, most deny they were raped because of the culture of shame around sex (young women often say their friends were, but that they were not). The most difficult part of his work, says Yaghobzadeh, was convincing them to be photographed at all. He uses masking techniques to protect his subjects: “even one picture is better than nothing,” he says.
为了拍摄
灾难
后的情景，2014年年末和2015年年中，雅各布兹丹多次前往辛贾尔。他近期的
报道
《雅兹迪女人：她们的身体，她们的战场》展现了在
面对
伊斯兰原教旨主义时性别角色的转变。他拍摄了被ISIS绑架、虐待、强奸的女性的半脸肖像，她们遭受了“在那群野蛮人中，你能想象到的所有会发生在女人身上的事情”。就算承受了如此的伤害，大多数女人否认她们曾被强奸：因为在她们的文化中，性是羞耻的（年轻的女性常常说她们的朋友被强奸，但是她们自己没有）。雅各布兹丹说他工作中最困难的部分是说服她们同意拍摄。他会用一些遮盖技术来保护她们。他说：“就算一张照片也比没有照片好。”
reportage
[rɪ'pɔrtɪdʒ] the reporting or describing of events in newspapers, on television, or on the radio新闻报道
One such picture is of a 15-year-old called Gulan closing her eyes and covering her face with her hand, her pink nail polish a gut-wrenching sign of ordinary youth in
unfathomable
circumstances. Last year, her family was killed and she spent two months in the hands of Isis. She told Yaghobzadeh the only sense of
relief
she felt was when she was beaten.
其中一张照片拍摄的是一位名叫古兰的15岁女孩。照片中的她闭着双眼，手遮着脸，涂着其他年轻人也会用的粉色指甲油，但她的经历却
不同寻常
，让人痛心。去年，她的家人惨遭杀害，而她落入ISIS魔掌两个月之久。她告诉雅各布兹丹，只有被ISIS殴打时才能让她感到一丝
解脱
。
unfathomable
[ʌn'fæðəməbəl] adj. If you describe something as unfathomable, you mean that it cannot be understood or explained, usually because it is very strange or complicated. (事物)不可理解的
Yaghobzadeh has documented conflicts, wars and human crises around the world. Born in Tehran, he has been taking photographs since the Iranian revolution erupted in 1979 while he was at art school. He started working with the Associated Press in 1980, but was
accused
of collaborating “with the enemies” for dealing with foreign media, so he left for Paris, where he has been based ever since.
雅各布兹丹记录了全球各地的冲突、战争和人道主义危机。出生于德黑兰的他，从1979年伊朗伊斯兰革命爆发之时就开始摄影。那时他还在艺术学校。1980年开始，他给美联社供稿。然而，由于和外国媒体打交道，他被
指控
“和敌人”合作。因此，雅各布兹丹去了巴黎，并从此扎根于巴黎。
His main focus in Sinjar is on the local military, which is now
all but
run by women. “There is nobody else like them,” he says. “They are fighting Isis! Even America, I’m sorry, is bullshitting – is going there and throwing three bombs: poof.”
他在辛贾尔的关注重点——地方军事力量——目前
全部
由女性领导。“没人能和她们相比，”他说，“她们在打击ISIS！美国也只是在，不好意思，放屁而已。过去扔三个炸弹，切，就完了。”
Though this is the first all-female
brigade
of Yazidi fighters, there are precedents nearby. The YPJ (Kurdish Women’s Protection Unit) and YPG (People’s Protection Unit) are the armed branches of a Kurdish coalition in northern Syria, and has thousands of volunteer fighters both men and women. There is a YPJ/YPG subset in Sinjar, who played a crucial role in rescuing Yazidis trapped by Isis on Mount Sinjar in 2014, along with the PKK (Kurdish militant organisation founded on revolutionary Marxism) and the Peshmerga (Kurdish fighters in Iraq).
尽管这是第一个全是女性组成的雅兹迪
军旅
，附近还是有类似的先例。YPJ（库尔德妇女保护部队）和YPG（人民保护部队）是北叙利亚库尔德联盟的武装分支。那个联盟有上千的志愿军——男性和女性都有。在辛贾尔也有一个YPJ／YPG分队。在2014年营救被ISIS困在辛贾尔山上的亚兹迪人行动中，他们和PKK（基于革命性马克思主义的库尔德武装团体）以及佩什梅格（Peshmerga，又译为“自由斗士”，伊拉克库尔德军队）一起发挥了重要的作用。
brigade
[brɪ'geɪd] n. A brigade is one of the groups which an army is divided into. 旅
It’s a survivalist and
egalitarian
coalition: men and women are fighting the same battle here. They’ve lost everything, but they’re determined to be useful to their community. The women are always on standby and in uniform: they sleep in it, and they sleep in their shoes. “And they will be in their uniform until they get what they want – independence,” says Yaghobzadeh. This sense of
resilience
and
retribution
becomes even more revolutionary in a military context: “For Isis it’s a
haram
. If you’re killed by a woman, you don’t go to paradise.”
这是一个贯彻生存主义和
平等主义的
联盟：男人和女人进行着相同的战斗。她们失去了一切，但她们坚定地要为自己的群体作出贡献。她们总是处于备战状态，从不脱下战服：就算睡觉也穿着战服和鞋子。“而且，她们将会一直穿着，直到她们获得自己想要的东西——独立，”雅各布兹丹说道。这种
适应力
和
报复力
在战争语境下变得更有革命性：“对于ISIS来说，这是绝对的
禁忌
。被女人杀死的人无法进入天堂。”
egalitarian
/ɪˌɡælɪˈtɛərɪən/ n. Egalitarian means supporting or following the idea that all people are equal and should have the same rights and opportunities. 平等主义
retribution
/ˌrɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən/ n. Retribution is punishment for a crime, especially punishment that is carried out by someone other than the official authorities. 惩罚; 报应
Haram
这是一个阿拉伯词语，意思是“禁止的”、“违反教律的”。这个词可以指：不纯洁的人或者尚未接受圣知的人禁止接触的神圣事物；也可以指魔鬼等邪恶的事情，引申为“禁止进行的那些罪行”。
Pictures of their training camp are empowered and confident. One image shows a woman looking at her reflection in an uneven
shard
of mirror, adjusting her headscarf. Her gaze is firm, determined, clear-eyed. “Their decisions are in their hands, no longer in the hands of their families or their brothers,” says Yaghobzadeh.
她们训练营的照片充满了力量感和自信心。一张照片中，一个女人对着一块残破的镜子
碎片
整理自己的头巾。她的目光明亮而坚定。“她们的决定权在自己手中，而不再是在她们的家庭或兄弟手中，” 雅各布兹丹说。
shard
[ʃɑːd] n. a sharp piece of broken glass, metal etc〔玻璃、金属等的〕锋利碎片
The YPG provide three months of ideological training to new recruits, so they “know who they are, what they are doing, what it is to be equal. It’s easy to teach them to shoot, but psychologically …” The pictures show an
unforgiving
training regime: “your face is on the ground, you feel the pain,” says Yaghobzadeh.
YPG会为新兵提供三个月的思想教育，这样她们“知道自己是谁，自己在做什么，平等意味着什么。教她们射击很简单，然而心理上…”照片展示了一种
艰苦的
训练方法：“脸紧贴着地面，你能感受到那种痛苦，” 雅各布兹丹说。
unforgiving
['ʌnfɚ'gɪvɪŋ] ADJ If you describe a situation or activity as unforgiving, you mean that it causes a lot of people to experience great difficulty or failure, even people who deserve to succeed. 残酷的
The Yazidi brigade has a defensive position, he explains. “Sinjar is about 20% in the hands of Yazidis and Kurds. The rest belongs to Isis. They can’t capture more because they can’t hold it, and they don’t want any unnecessary casualties among their own fighters.” The frontline with Isis is terrifyingly close. “They shoot at each other like Tom and Jerry,” says Yaghobzadeh, who witnessed gunfire exchange. Their lookout is especially sensitive: watching Isis from the height of Sinjar mountain, the soldiers provide essential surveillance of any activity. It’s a strategic position, secured with a machine-gun they captured from Isis. Throughout the area, different militia mix, and though the circumstances are dire, there are jokes and
camaraderie
still. The foremost freedom for the women is to smoke cigarettes.
他解释，雅兹迪军旅处于防御地位：“雅兹迪人和库尔德人掌握着辛贾尔的20%，剩下则在ISIS手中。ISIS不扩张是因为控制能力有限，同时他们也不想让自己人遭受任何不必要的意外伤亡。”与ISIS交战的前线近得让人恐惧。亲眼目睹了交火的雅各布兹丹说：“他们像动画片里的猫和老鼠一样相互开火。”她们的哨兵尤为警惕：战士们从辛贾尔山上监视着ISIS，并为他们的所有行动提供重要的信息。这一位置具有战略意义，使用从ISIS那儿缴获的机枪来守护着它。整片区域有不同的军团。虽然情况并不乐观，但仍会开开玩笑，也产生了
战友情谊
。对于她们来说，自由最棒的事情就是抽烟。
camaraderie
[,kɑmə'rɑdəri] n. a feeling of friendship that a group of people have, especially when they work together 同志[同事]情谊，友情
Even empowered, it’s disturbing to see the sheer youth of the fighters. One image shows a uniformed soldier, barely a teenager, visiting her mother and siblings in a refugee camp. Her father was killed, and her mother encouraged her to fight. She wears her
fatigues
, a denim hoodie, a pink string bracelet and a gun. Nearby, her little sister sits in a bubblegum pink T-shirt and carries a pink handbag.
就算参战是被允许的，看到孩子模样的战士仍然让人心生不忍。一张照片上，一名一身戎装，勉强算得上是青少年的战士到难民营探望母亲和兄弟姐妹。父亲被杀，母亲鼓励她去参战。她身穿
作战服
和牛仔帽衫，戴着粉色的吊绳手链，手握一把枪。她的小妹妹坐在身边，穿着一件泡泡糖粉的T恤衫，手提一只粉色的包。
fatigues
