旅游地生态风险研究进展与启示

Scientifically mitigating the ecological risks in tourist destinations is an important foundation for the healthy and sustainable development of tourist destinations. In this study, we summarize the progress of ecological risk research in tourist destinations at home and abroad and the internal logic of ecological risk research in tourist destinations. Current research adhered to an internal framework encompassing the following stages: formation and analysis of ecological risks in tourism destinations, exposure characterization, effect exploration, risk assessment, and risk management. Specific research results were summarized in four aspects: the analysis of ecological risk sources, assessment of acceptors and endpoints, ecological risk assessment, perceptions of ecological risk, predictions and management of ecological risks within tourism destinations. Future research should prioritize fostering a harmonious relationship between humanity and natural environment, which necessitates strengthening the foundation of a multidisciplinary theory. Future research should focus on the formation mechanisms of ecological risks in tourist destinations, the mechanisms of interaction among ecological risk sources, receptors, and the endpoints, ecological risk assessments of tourist destinations based on multiple risk sources, ecological risk assessments of typical tourism destinations and their key exposures, enhancing the ecological risk assessment index system for tourist destinations by incorporating data from various sources, conducting simulation studies to develop ecological risk warning systems for tourist destinations, exploring the spatiotemporal scale coupling relationships of ecological risks in tourist destinations, examining the perceptions and attitudes of different stakeholders towards ecological risks in tourist destinations, evaluating the cost-benefit of ecological risk adaptation, and performing prevention measures in tourist destinations.

科学规避旅游地生态风险，是实现旅游地健康可持续发展的重要基础。文章在综述国内外旅游地生态风险研究进展基础上，梳理了旅游地生态风险研究的内在逻辑即“旅游地生态风险的问题形成与分析—暴露表征—效应探究—风险评价—风险管理”，并具体总结了旅游地生态风险源、受体和终点分析，生态风险评价，生态风险感知，生态风险预测和管理 4 个方面研究成果；未来应以旅游地人地关系和谐发展为目标，完善多学科理论的基础，研究应该集中在：旅游地生态风险的形成机制，生态风险源、受体与终点之间的作用机理，基于多风险源的旅游地生态风险评价，典型旅游目的地和关键暴露的生态风险评估研究，完善基于多数据源的旅游地生态风险评价指标体系，旅游地生态风险预警模拟研究，旅游地生态风险时空尺度耦合关系研究，不同利益相关者对旅游地生态风险认知和态度，旅游地生态风险适应与防范措施的成本效益评价等领域。