In Defense of Capitalism
捍卫市场经济
人文经济学会
资助译制
翻译：
mangostee
n
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校对：
FungChuh
John Stossel: Is your life being wrecked by the “super-rich”?
「超级富豪」毁掉你的生活了吗？
BBC: The super-rich.Who are they and what are they doing to us?
超级富豪。
他们是谁，他们对我们做了什么？
John Stossel: What are they doing to us?Whatever it is,people say just the fact that the richhave so much is itself immoral.
他们对我们做了什么？
不管做了什么，人们总说富人拥有那么多本身就是不道德的。
Bernard Sanders: Immoral and wrong that the top one-tenthof 1% in this country own almost as much wealthas the bottom 90%.
不道德且错误的是，这个国家那前1% 的人里，前十分一拥有的财富相当于底层90% 所有人拥有的财富。
Yaron Brook: They want to condemn the peoplethat actually have moved civilization forward.
他们企图声讨那些实际上推动了文明发展的人。
John Stossel: Yaron Brook of the Ayn Rand Institute is annoyedthat today’s “democratic socialists”say rich people got rich by taking money from others,In fact they,
安兰德研究院的亚龙·布鲁克很恼火，今天「民主社会主义者」称富人通过夺走别人的金钱致富，实际上他们，
Yaron Brook: Actually improved the standard of livingfor everybody on the planet.
实际上提高了地球上所有人的生活水准。
John Stossel: How is that possible?How could it improve everyone’s living standard?Isn’t there a fixed amount of money in the worldso when rich people grab a lot,there’s less for everyone else?No! Because wealth can be created.
怎么可能呢？
怎么可能提高所有人的生活水准了呢？
这个世界上的财富不是固定的吗，那么富人拿走了很多的话，其他人的不就少了吗？
不！
因为财富能被创造出来。
Yaron Brook: We have basically made about $2 a dayfor 100,000 years.In other words we could eat what we farmed and that was it. And then something amazing happened about 250 years ago.
十万年以来，我们基本上每天只赚两美元。
换言之我们吃自己种植出来的东西，就是这样。
接着约250 年前发生了不可思议的事情。
John Stossel: A few countries tried capitalism.For the first time, people were allowed toprofit from private property.That changed everything.Division of labor let people produce more with less,and then they traded to get even more.Wealth increased with every innovation.
有几个国家尝试资本主义。
人们第一次被允许从私有财产中获利。
这改变了一切。
劳动分工使人们以更少资源生产出更多东西，接着他们互相交易以获得更多。
财富随着每一项创新增长。
Marginal Revolution University: Cargo transported by ship used to stored in barrels,in sacks, in wooden crates and offloaded by hand.
船舶运输的货物曾经装在桶里、麻袋里、木箱里，靠人手卸货。
John Stossel: Economist Don Boudreaux points out thatenormous wealth was even createdby the invention of the shipping container.
经济学家丹·包德瑞克斯指出运输用集装箱的发明创造出巨大财富。
Marginal Revolution University: With it came a wave of specialized technologythat dramatically increased productivity in shippingWorkers today are super human compared totheir brethren on yesteryear.We went from carrying bags on our backsto lifting the equivalent of two school buseswith mere flicks of our wrists.
随之带来的一系列专业技术更极大提高船运工人的生产率，使他们与过去的同僚比起来简直是超人。
我们从背包裹发展到了仅动动手腕就能提起相当于两辆校巴的货物。
John Stossel: Most of this innovation began just 250 years ago.
这类创新大多数开始于仅仅250 年前。
Yaron Brook: 250 years ago we suddenly discoveredthe value of individual freedom.We suddenly discovered the value of leaving individualsfree to think, to innovate,to produce without asking for permission,without getting the state to sign off on itand we call that the Industrial Revolution.
250 年前，我们突然发现了个人自由的价值。
我们突然发现让个人自由思考，自由创新，自由生产的价值，无需征求允许，无需国家签字认可，我们称其为工业革命。
Turning Points of History: the Industrial Revolution: Industrialists, the people who owned the factories,employed hundreds, sometimes thousands, of people.And they made enormous profits
实业家，拥有工厂的人，雇佣了成千上万人。
他们获得了可观的收益。
Atlas Shrugged: And how does that benefit your fellow man?
那对你们同胞有什么益处？
John Stossel: And ever since, politicians have complainedabout those profits.In Ayn Rand’s novel, Atlas Shrugged,state officials demand that industrialistsexplain how their getting rich helped others.
自那以后，政客们便抱怨起这些收益。
在安·兰德的小说《阿特拉斯耸耸肩》中，州官员要求实业家解释他们变富怎样帮助到了其他人。
Atlas Shrugged: I do not owe you an answerbut I could tell you in a hundred ways.Thousands of jobs, billions in revenue,fueling our economy despite your efforts.
我不欠你一个答案，但我能以一百种方式告诉你。
数以千计工作岗位，巨额收入，推动经济发展，完全不用你帮忙。
John Stossel: Hank Rearden was right.Capitalism created new wealth.
汉克·理尔登是对的。
资本主义创造新财富。
Yaron Brook: We got much, much, much richer. and it's hard to imagine how much richer we got of electricity, of running water, of the things we all take for granted today, but we didn't have 150 years ago. And yes, some people complain about inequality, but everybody got richer. Even the poor got richer.
我们更更更富裕了。
难以想象我们变得多富裕了，我们拥有电力、自来水，等等在今天认为理所当然的，但150 年前我们都没有。
是的，某些人抱怨不平等，但人人都更富裕了。
即便是穷人也更富裕了。
John Stossel: In the past several hundred years,we’ve gone from a society where peoplehoped to get jobs that required long hoursof hard manual labor.To one where almost everyonehas what they need to liveand more people have leisure timeto do things like watch movies.I mention Harry Potter because Brook bought lots of Harry Potter books, but he says he’s not poorer for it.
过去几百年，我们从一个人们希望找到要求长时间艰苦体力劳动的工作的社会发展过来，变成一个几乎人人拥有生存必需品，很多人都能用闲暇时间看看电影的社会。
我提到哈利波特，因为布鲁克买了很多哈利波特的书，但他说他没有因此变穷。
Yaron Brook: J. K. Rowling became a billionaireand I got poorer by thousands of dollars and yet,nobody really thinks of themselves as poorerfor having read Harry Potter.It made my kids happy.How much is that worth?So I am actually better offfor having spent those many dollars on those books.
J·K·罗琳成了一个亿万富翁，而我因此没了上千块钱，然而，没有人真的认为自己因为读了哈利波特变穷了。
它让我的孩子快乐。
快乐值多少钱？
所以我花在这些书上的钱实际上让我更好过了。
John Stossel: Under capitalism, that applies to every transaction,because capitalism, unlike socialism, is voluntary.We see this every time we buy something. The seller is there for his own self-interest. And so am I. So why do we both say thank you? Because he wanted the dollar more than he wanted the pretzel. I wanted the pretzel more than the dollar. The transaction doesn’t happen unless both of us think we win, and that way, voluntary transactions create wealth. Since the Industrial Revolution…
在资本主义下，这点适用于一切交换，因为资本主义与社会主义不同，是自愿的。
我们每次购物都能发现这一点。
卖家是为了自身利益。
我也是。
那么为什么我们都说谢谢？
因为比起椒盐卷饼，他更想要钱。
比起钱，我更想要椒盐卷饼。
除非我们两人都认为我们是赢家，否则交换不会发生，在此过程中，自愿交换创造财富。
自从工业革命……
Yaron Brook: We have more than doubled our life expectancy.We have dramatically increased the quality of our lifeand we are wealthier than anybody could have imagined.
我们的平均寿命翻了不止一倍。
