Know about Vector-borne Diseases 了解病媒传播的疾病

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-04-01 21:42

正文

Vector-borne diseases

Vector-borne diseases are illnesses caused by pathogens and parasites in human populations. Every year there are more than 1 billion cases and over 1 million deaths from vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue, schistosomiasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis and onchocerciasis, globally.

Vector-borne diseases account for over 17% of all infectious diseases.

病媒传播的疾病

病媒传播的疾病是由人群中的病原体和寄生虫引起的疾病。每年疟疾、登革热、血吸虫病、非洲人类锥虫病、利什曼病、恰加斯病、黄热病、日本脑炎和盘尾丝虫病在全世界导致10亿多起病例和超过100万人死亡。

病媒传播的疾病占所有传染病的17%以上。

Key facts

💠 Vector-borne diseases account for more than 17% of all infectious diseases, causing more than 1 million deaths annually.

💠 More than 2.5 billion people in over 100 countries are at risk of contracting dengue alone.

💠 Malaria causes more than 400 000 deaths every year globally, most of them children under 5 years of age.

💠 Other diseases such as Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide.

💠 Many of these diseases are preventable through informed protective measures.

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病媒传播的疾病占全部传染病的17%以上，每年导致100多万人死亡。
全世界100多个国家的25亿多人面临感染登革热的风险。
疟疾每年在全世界导致40多万人死亡，其中大部分为五岁以下儿童。
恰加斯病、利什曼病和血吸虫病等其它疾病影响全世界数亿人。
很多病媒传播的疾病都可以通过知情防护措施加以预防。

Main vectors and diseases they transmit

主要病媒及其所传播的疾病

Vectors are living organisms that can transmit infectious diseases between humans or from animals to humans. Many of these vectors are bloodsucking insects, which ingest disease-producing microorganisms during a blood meal from an infected host (human or animal) and later inject it into a new host during their subsequent blood meal.

Mosquitoes are the best known disease vector. Others include ticks, flies, sandflies, fleas, triatomine bugs and some freshwater aquatic snails.

病媒是指能够在人和人之间或者从动物到人传播传染病的生物体。许多病媒是吸血昆虫，在从被感染宿主（人或动物）身上吸食血液时摄入产生疾病的微生物，然后在随后吸食血液的过程中将其注入新宿主体内。

蚊子是最为人所知的病媒。其它病媒还包括蜱、蝇、沙蝇、跳蚤、锥蝽和一些淡水螺。