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外刊阅读20210303留给大家一个思考题，答案公布：B！你做对了吗？
Chloé Zhao
,
whose drama “Nomadland” offered an intimate portrait of itinerant Americans
,
won
the Golden Globe for best director on Sunday, making her the first Asian woman ever to win that prize.
凭借她执导的细致刻画美国流浪者的剧情片《无依之地》，赵婷周日获得了金球奖最佳导演奖，成为首位获该奖项的亚裔女性。
1.whose drama ...是对Chloé Zhao的解释说明（这里的“凭借...”大家可以体会一下）
在过去大部分时间里，脑成像和脊髓液检查现在可以在阿尔兹海默症患者出现最初症状之前就发现该疾病。但是这些侵入性的测试价格昂贵，不是数百万患有这种常见的神经退行性疾病患者的常规检查。而现在，检测阿尔兹海默症变得简单许多。
An era in which an Alzheimer’s diagnosis can begin in a doctor’s office is now arriving.
Advances in technologies to detect early signs of disease from a blood sample are helping doctors to identify the memory-robbing disorder more accurately and to screen participants more quickly for trials of potential treatments for the more than five million people in the U.S. afflicted with Alzheimer’s.
Estimates predict that, by 2030, there will be 76 million people worldwide who will receive a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s or other
dementias
.
一个可以在医生办公室里诊断出阿尔兹海默症的时代正在到来。
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据估计，到2030年，全球将有7600万人可以得到阿尔茨海默氏症或其他痴呆症的诊断。
Last fall, a blood test developed by C2N Diagnostics in St. Louis, Mo., became available to most of the U.S. as a routine lab test—regulated under the CMS Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) program. It has also received a CE mark as a diagnostic medical device in the European Union—indicating it has met safety, health and environmental protection standards for the region.
去年秋天，密苏里州圣路易斯的C2N诊断公司开发的一种血液测试，在CMS临床实验室改进修正案计划的监管下，作为常规实验室测试，在美国大部分地区都可以使用。它还获得了欧盟对诊断医疗设备开具的CE标志，表明它达到了该地区的安全、健康和环保标准。
“The development of a blood-based test for Alzheimer’s disease is just phenomenal,” says Michelle Mielke, a neuroscientist and epidemiologist at the Mayo Clinic. “The field has been thinking about this for a very long time. It’s really been in the last couple of years that
the possibility has come to
fruition
.”
梅奥诊所的神经学家和流行病学家米歇尔·米尔克说：“针对阿尔茨海默氏症的血液检测方法的发展是惊人的。”“这个领域已经对这个项目研究了很长时间。直到最近几年，这种可能性才真正得以实现。”
The C2N test, called PrecivityAD, uses an analytic technique known as mass
spectrometry
to detect specific types of
beta-amyloid
, a protein fragment that is a
pathological hallmark
of disease. Beta-amyloid proteins accumulate and form plaques visible on brain scans two decades before a patient notices memory problems. As
plaques
build up in the brain, levels of beta-amyloid decline in the surrounding fluid.
C2N测试产品名为PrecivityAD，用一种质谱分析技术来检测特定类型的ß-淀粉样蛋白，这是一种可以显示出该疾病病理特征的蛋白质片段。ß-淀粉样蛋白在大脑中沉积并形成在脑部扫描中可见的斑块，而20年后患者才会注意到记忆问题。随着斑块在大脑中的积累，周围液体中的ß-淀粉样蛋白水平下降。
Such changes can be measured in
spinal
fluid samples—and now in blood, where beta-amyloid concentrations are significantly lower. PrecivityAD is the first blood test for Alzheimer’s to be cleared for widespread use and one of a new generation of such assays that could enable early detection of the leading neurodegenerative disease—perhaps decades before the onset of the first symptoms.
这种变化以前可以在脊髓液样本中检测到，但现在也可以在血液中检测到，血液中的β -淀粉样蛋白浓度明显较低。PrecivityAD是第一个可以广泛使用的阿尔茨海默氏症血液检测方法，也是新一代此类检测方法之一，这种方法可以对几种主要的神经退行性病变进行早期检测，甚至或许可以在初期症状出现几十年前就能发现。
本文节选自：Scientific America（科学美国人）
发布时间：2021.02.04
作者：Esther Landhuis
