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Because elections to the European parliament /were proportional, and EU membership/ connected the UK/ to other more proportional systems, the EU elections were a gateway （through which it was hoped that more support for change would flow）.
因为欧洲议会选举是均衡性的，而且欧盟成员国的身份又使得英国接触了其他更加均衡的体系，所以欧盟选举是一个被认为能够为改革带来更多支持的通道。
面对快速的变革和日益增长的不确定性，即兴发挥的能力变得比以往任何时候都重要。但是怎样才能培养即兴创作的技巧呢?
As a first step, simply educating yourself and your team about the different types of
improvisation
skills and how an emphasis on competition or collaboration can impact their development is crucial. Greater awareness of these skills can inform team composition, ensuring that newcomers are paired with more experienced improvisors from whom they can begin to learn imitative improvisation skills. It can also inform team allocation, enabling organizations to identify teams or individuals with strong improvisational skills and assign them to the projects that are the most unstructured and uncertain.
第一步，需要让你自己和你的团队知道即兴创作技能有哪些不同的类型，以及强调竞争或合作会如何影响到个人发展，这是至关重要的。增进对这些技能的认识可以影响团队构成，确保新人与更有经验的即兴发挥者搭配，新人可以开始从他们身上学习模仿即兴发挥能力。它还可以指导团队分配，使组织能够识别具有很强即兴能力的团队或个人，并将他们分配到最不具有结构性和确定性的项目中。
Our research illustrates yet another way in which both collaboration and competition are necessary for a healthy organization. Managers need to carefully manage this
tension
, pushing their employees to develop collaborative skills without hampering the competitive instincts of ambitious newcomers.
我们的研究还阐明了对于一个健康的组织来说，协作和竞争都是必要的。管理者需要小心处理这种紧张关系，在不妨碍雄心勃勃的新员工的竞争本能的条件下，推动他们的员工发展协作能力。
An emphasis on collaboration is ultimately necessary to foster generative improvisation, but without a strong competitive drive, employees may
struggle to
develop the reactive improvisation skills that they’ll need as a foundation for further growth.
Finally, the importance of strong social structures cannot be
overstated
. To foster true, generative improvisation skills among their employees, managers must create a psychologically safe environment of rich social interactions that
engenders
trust and collaboration, enabling employees to gain inspiration from each other’s subtle cues and work together to come up with new ideas without excessive fear of
rejection
.
最后，再怎么强调社会结构强大的重要性也不为过。为了培养员工真正有创造力的即兴发挥能力，管理者必须营造一个具有丰富的社交互动的心理安全的环境，产生信任和协作，使员工能够从彼此的细微的引子中获得灵感，共同努力，提出新的想法，而不必过度担心自己的想法被拒绝。
And of course, this sort of environment can be challenging to maintain in the best of times, but it’s even harder virtually. As such, especially in the face of limited
in-person interaction
, managers should pay extra attention to supporting both formal and informal mechanisms for building strong social connections between team members.
当然，这种环境在最好的情况下也很难维持，在虚拟环境中就更难了。因此，特别是在面对面交流有限的情况下，为了在团队成员之间建立强有力的社会联系，管理成员需要格外注意支持正式和非正式的协作机制机制。
本文节选自：Harvard Business Review（哈佛商业评论）
发布时间：2021.03.11
作者：Pier Vittorio Mannucci,Davide C. Orazi, and Kristine de Valck
原文标题：Improvisation Takes Practice
