专栏名称: 经济学人双语精读
本公众号提供《经济学人》最新期刊的双语精读与赏析,以及外刊好词好句的学习,每周2~3篇,欢迎关注!
目录
相关文章推荐
参考消息  ·  拜登创下一项纪录 ·  昨天  
参考消息  ·  扎哈罗娃“辣评”冯德莱恩翻护栏 ·  3 天前  
参考消息  ·  现场:神十九乘组开始“拆快递” ·  1 周前  
参考消息  ·  在新战场,中国展开公平竞争 | 参考独家 ·  1 周前  
51好读  ›  专栏  ›  经济学人双语精读

经济学人|白宫里的暴动

经济学人双语精读  · 公众号  · 国际  · 2017-02-06 17:41

正文

导读


    本篇摘自《经济学人》2月4日的封面文章《An insurgent in the White House》,主要讲述川普上台后的一些动作。原文大致分为四个部分:混乱、原因、后果、对策。本期我们讲“混乱”,难度偏高,大家做好准备。



我们先来通读一下原文,可以结合音频进行影子跟读,通过思维导图对文章内容和结构有更清晰的理解和把握。

American politics

An insurgent in the White House

As Donald Trump rages against the world he inherited as president, America’s allies are worried—rightly so

WASHINGTON is in the grip of a revolution. The bleak cadence of last month’s inauguration was still in the air when Donald Trump lobbed the first Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders against the capital’s brilliant-white porticos. He has not stopped. Quitting the Trans-Pacific Partnership, demanding a renegotiation of NAFTA and a wall with Mexico, overhauling immigration, warming to Brexit-bound Britain and Russia, cooling to the European Union, defending torture, attacking the press: onward he and his people charged, leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering in their wake


To his critics, Mr Trump is reckless and chaotic. Nowhere more so than in last week’s temporary ban on entry for citizens from seven Middle Eastern countries—drafted in secret, enacted in haste and unlikely to fulfil its declared aim of sparing America from terrorism. Even his Republican allies lamented that a fine, popular policy was marred by its execution.


标题

首先我们来看标题、导语部分:

American politics

An insurgent in the White House


As Donald Trump rages against the world he inherited as president, America’s allies are worried—rightly so

解析

rage against 表示“对...大发脾气”。川普上台也就半月,不光把美国国内媒体、精英得罪了个遍,国外众多国家也未能幸免,照这个速度,一年之内,全世界所有的国家都不够川普得罪的。Rage against the world,对世界发飙,用在这里是非常形象的。

本文的后半部分出现了一个类似的词组:rail against,表示“责怪,责骂”,注意区分、积累,原句如下:

Every time demonstrators and the media rail against Mr Trump, it is proof that he must be doing something right.

抗议人群和媒体每次对特朗普的攻击,都被视为他行事正确的证据。

Inherit 一词,在文中是“继承”的意思,此外,还有“接手,承担(需处理的由别人造成的问题)”的意思,比如:

The government inherited an impossible situation from its predecessors.

这届政府从前任那里接过了一个非常棘手的烂摊子。

另外,也有“沿用”的意思,比如:

Our legal system inherited laws from the English system.

我们的司法体系沿袭了英国的法律体系。

译文

美国政治

白宫里的叛乱者


特朗普当选总统接管全球事务,并对国际大发雷霆,令美国盟友深感担忧——确实应该如此


我们先看第一小部分:

WASHINGTON is in the grip of a revolution. The bleak cadence of last month’s inauguration was still in the air when Donald Trump lobbed the first Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders against the capital’s brilliant-white porticos.

解析

    我们先来看第一句话:

WASHINGTON is in the grip of a revolution.

 

    这一句话是总领句,后面的都是围绕着这一句展开的。

 

    In the grip of 用英文解释是 controlled by,后面加不好的事物。比如:

The country was in the grip of a continuing and deep depression.

    补充一个词组:preside over,它和”in the grip of”互为广义同义词,两者使用的语境相同,都接不好的事物,意思是“(担任要职时)目击(无法控制的事件),无可奈何地目睹”。比如《经济学人》在1月21号的那一期发表了一篇名为“A dismal dynast”的文章,开头有这么一句话:

IN MANY ways the African Union (AU) is outdoing its European counterpart. It has never presided over a continental currency crisis.

在很多方面,非盟超越了欧盟,它从未目睹过大洲范围内的货币危机。

Preside over 在这可换为in the grip of:

IN MANY ways the African Union (AU) is outdoing its European counterpart. It has never been in the grip of a continental currency crisis.

 

    我们再来看第二句话:

The bleak cadence of last month’s inauguration was still in the air when Donald Trump lobbed the first Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders against the capital’s brilliant-white porticos.

 

    这一句话比较长,我们以”when”为中心,先看前面的部分。


    关于bleak的意思,我们先看一下朗文词典的英英解释:“without anything to make you feel happy or hopeful”,表示“没有希望的; 令人沮丧的”。它常见的搭配为a bleak future / prospect,前一段时间上映的《我不是潘金莲》相信大家都看过,李雪莲为了一个案子,告了十年,但从来没赢过,我们可以说:

She hopes to win the case, but the future looks bleak .
她希望赢得这个案子,但前景渺茫。

    Cadence主要指声音的“rise and fall”,韵律,音调,或抑扬顿挫之类的意思。《红楼梦》中有这么一个片段:

黛玉刚进贾府,正和贾母等谈论着自己的体弱多病和吃药等事,一语未了,只听后院中有人笑声,说:“我来迟了,不曾迎接远客!”

    这是一个典型的“未见其人,先闻其声”,虽然人尚为露面,但贾府的人都知道,这是王熙凤的声音。因为 They recognized the cadences in her voice. 他们从她的口音中听出了她的腔调。

    再比如,习大大前一段时间在达沃斯发表了一个讲话,我们可以用下面这个句子来形容大大的演讲:

President Xi delivered his words in slow, measured cadences. 
习主席讲话缓慢而抑扬顿挫、把握有度。

 

    Inauguration 指的是“就职典礼”,其动词形式为inaugurate,相当于take office/be sworn in (to office),比如:

Mr. Trump’s inauguration on January 20th may mark the disaster for America and the world at large.

 

    in the air 有两个意思:1) felt or sensed by many people;2) expected to happen soon。文中是第一个意思,指特朗普就职典礼上讲话的语调还回荡在空气/脑海中。再拿《我不是潘金莲》里的一个片段举个栗子,李雪莲为了房子和孩子,跟丈夫假离婚,结果发现新房子里睡着另一个女人,假离婚变成了真离婚,我们可以用上”in the air”来描述一下这个场景:

His promises to be remarried were still in the air when she found that her husband had had sex with the other woman.

 

    生词、词组讲完了,这半个句子就好理解了:The bleak cadence of last month’s inauguration was still in the air

上个月,特朗普在就职典礼上发表讲话,令人沮丧的语调(The bleak cadence)仍回荡在人们的脑海中(was still in the air)。

 

    “when”前面的看完了,我们再来看后面的:

lobbed the first Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders

    Lob 是 ”kick, hit or throw something” 的意思,在文中指“投”,下图川普做的就是lob:

    Molotov cocktail, 也叫”petrol bomb, poor man's grenade, fire bomb” 是“汽油弹,燃烧弹”的意思,但它不是真正的fire bomb, 是把汽油倒入空瓶子、密封,人造的那种汽油弹,上图中川普手中拿的就是Molotov cocktail

    而Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders则是一个比喻的用法,非常形象、直观的体现出特朗普的policies(政策)和executive orders(行政命令)的破坏性:他颁布的命令就如同向白宫扔了一个汽油弹。

 

    brilliant-white porticos中,brilliant-white指“亮白的”,portico的意思是“〔有顶的〕门廊,柱廊”,文中的brilliant-white porticos指白宫门口的柱廊,代指“白宫”,如图所示:

    我们再来看这半个句子的意思:Donald Trump lobbed the first Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders against the capital’s brilliant-white porticos

特朗普朝白宫投掷了一颗政策与行政命令之汽油弹。

我们看这部分的译文:

译文

华盛顿面临一场革命。特朗普朝白宫扔了首枚汽油弹——颁布了一系列政策和行政命令,而上个月他在就职典礼上发表讲话时,令人沮丧的语调仍回荡在人们的脑海中。



投掷汽油弹之后,特朗普并没有罢休,文中说:“He has not stopped.”我们接着来看他又做了哪些不得人心的事情:

He has not stopped. Quitting the Trans-Pacific Partnership, demanding a renegotiation of NAFTA and a wall with Mexico, overhauling immigration, warming to Brexit-bound Britain and Russia, cooling to the European Union, defending torture, attacking the press: onward he and his people charged, leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering in their wake.

解析

    首先,他退出了TPP(跨太平洋伙伴关系协定):Quitting the Trans-Pacific Partnership

    要求就北美自由贸易协定(NAFTA)重新展开谈判:demanding a renegotiation of NAFTA

    并要求在美墨边境修筑长城:(demanding) a wall with Mexico

    全面改革移民政策:overhauling immigration

“Over-”做前缀讲,有“too much”的意思,”haul”是“改变航向”,所以,overhaul的意思是“全面改革”。前几年李克强总理在政府工作报告中提出,要进行大刀阔斧的改革,我们之前曾讲到,可以说”carry out radical/bold reforms on ...”,今天我们发现可以直接用”overhaul sth.”一个词表示。

    除了上述行动外,特朗普还增进与被脱欧捆绑的英国之间的关系:warming to Brexit-bound Britain

    Brexit-bound属于我们在上篇文章中讲过的“n.+v(被动)=adj.”结构,bound为bind(v. 绑定)的被动形式,我们在《雄鸡一唱天下白》中讲过这一结构,并举了一些例子,比如:chicken-themed,spring festival-related,UN-sponsored / US-sponsored / government-sponsored,可以翻出上一篇文章复习一下。

    Brexit-bound Britain指被脱欧而束缚的英国,或说英国因脱欧而无法抽身。在生活中,我们处处都能用到”n-bound”这一搭配,比如很多男生经常呆宿舍里打刀塔,没时间陪女朋友,这时我们可以说:

Dota-bound, many cannot spare much time for their girl friends.

再比如前几天小编同学聚会,因为论文赶不完,很遗憾不能赴约,这时可以说:

Paper-bound, I felt it a great pity that I missed my class reunion.

 

    回归文章,除了加强英美关系,特朗普干了一件前任做梦也想不到的事——同俄罗斯修好,疏离欧盟(warming to) Russia, cooling to the European Union

    Warm to 此处为“加强关系”的意思,相反,cool to 表示“关系冷却”,小编本科读口译期间,积累了一些和“关系”有关的用法,都是出自《经济学人》,现已截图,大家有兴趣的话可以自行积累:


    我们继续来看:

    除了上述行动,特朗普还捍卫酷刑:defending torture

    攻击媒体:attacking the press

    川普不信任传统媒体,上台后对媒体大肆攻击,这也是他“推特治国”的一个重要原因。


继续:

onward he and his people charged, leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering in their wake.

Onward在文中是adv. 表示“(从某时起)一直,继续”的意思;此外,还有adj.形式,比如说我们过年给长辈敬酒的时候,通常会祝愿他们步步高升,“步步高升”可以说:onward and upward

    Charge 在文中表示“公开指责;批评,斥责”的意思,和前面的attack互为广义同义词。除此之外,还有“收费”的意思,通过两个栗子我们搞明白它的用法:

1)The local museum charged me $20 for admission.

当地博物馆给我要了20美元的门票费。

2)刚入学的那天晚上,我们宿舍三人第一次聚餐,遇到一个青岛大叔,不知怎么就聊起来了,而且越聊越投机。大叔也是个实在人,叫服务员给我们一人上了一碗牛肉,记在他的帐上,最后还偷偷的帮我们把钱结了。这个场景,我们可以用词组charge sth to one's account来描述:

He charged our bill to his account.

 

leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering in their wake

这部分的意思我们通过“三步走”的方式来解决:

1) leaving the wreckage smouldering;

2) the wreckage of received opinion;

3) in their wake.

 

    首先,我们看

    1) leaving the wreckage smouldering

Wreckage和smouldering经常在一起,smouldering wreckage的意思不多说,直接上图:

    2)the wreckage of received opinion 中,received opinion的意思是“公认为正确的看法”,received 指“被大众所接受的”,比如received wisdom,被大众所接受的智慧,即“常识”。

the wreckage of received opinion的用法类似于Molotov cocktail of policies and executive orders,都是比喻的手法,更直观的体现特朗普政府下,received opinion的“惨烈”状态。


    3)in their wake 表示“紧随,尾随”

 

    这句话连起来,onward he and his people charged, leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering in their wake.

意思是,特朗普及其同僚继续(onward)攻击(charged),从而(in their wake)使公认为正确的看法遭到打压(leaving the wreckage of received opinion smouldering)。

我们再来看这部分的翻译:

译文

他并没有罢休。退出跨太平洋伙伴关系协定,要求就北美自由贸易协定重新谈判,在美墨边境修筑长城,全面改革移民政策,增进与被脱欧捆绑的英国之间的关系,同俄罗斯修好,疏离欧盟,维护酷刑,攻击媒体:特朗普及其同僚继续攻击,使公认为正确的看法遭到打压。


我们再来看最后一部分:

To his critics, Mr Trump is reckless and chaotic. Nowhere more so than in last week’s temporary ban on entry for citizens from seven Middle Eastern countries—drafted in secret, enacted in haste and unlikely to fulfill its declared aim of sparing America from terrorism. Even his Republican allies lamented that a fine, popular policy was marred by its execution.

解析

    第一句话:To his critics, Mr Trump is reckless and chaotic.

    这一句依然是总领句,对批评者来说(To his critics),特朗普鲁莽(reckless)而又混乱(chaotic)。


    下面则通过举例论证的方式,证明特朗普的鲁莽和混乱:

Nowhere more so than in last week’s temporary ban on entry for citizens from seven Middle Eastern countries—drafted in secret, enacted in haste and unlikely to fulfill its declared aim of sparing America from terrorism.


    这句话比较长,我们先看破折号前面的。


    Nowhere more so than否定词+形容词比较级+than 表示“”的概念,相当于most,本句是说,上周对中东七国公民的临时禁令(temporary ban on entry for citizens from seven Middle Eastern countries)最能体现这一点。


    这一禁令有什么特点呢?破折号后面给出了答案,一共有三个:

秘密起草:drafted in secret

匆忙颁布:enacted in haste

不太可能实现其所宣称的目标——保护美国不受到恐怖份子的攻击:unlikely to fulfill its declared aim of sparing America from terrorism


    我们先看enact一词,我们在新闻中经常听到“颁布并落实了...法案”,“颁布并落实”可以用“ee”来记忆:enact and enforce


Spare America from terrorism=protect America from terrorism


最后一句话:Even his Republican allies lamented that a fine, popular policy was marred by its execution.


    这句话的lament我们上一篇讲到过,这里不再赘述,讲一讲”mar”这个词:

    Mar的意思是“毁坏”,相当于spoil, ruin, blight,比如说一个姑娘约你吃饭,你因忙于建设社会主义,迟到了1个小时,你这迟到可能会毁了姑娘的兴致的:

He arrived late, which marred her enjoyment of the evening.

 

最后一个词:execution是名词,和刚刚讲过的的enact同义,注意积累。

最后,我们来看一下这部分的翻译:

译文

对批评者来说,特朗普鲁莽而又混乱,上周对中东七国公民的临时禁令最能体现这一点。这一禁令秘密起草,匆忙颁布,不太可能实现其宣称的目标:保护美国不再遭遇恐怖袭击。甚至特朗普共和党盟友也感到惋惜:一个令人满意的、受欢迎的政策因该禁令的实行而遭到破坏。


讲完了,好开心~