专栏名称: 广东疾控

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Childhood nutrition facts 儿童营养成份

广东疾控 · 公众号 · 养生 · 2017-04-20 21:31

正文

Overview：

Healthy eating in childhood and adolescence is important for proper growth and development and to prevent various health conditions.The 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that people aged 2 years or older follow a healthy eating pattern that includes the following:

· A variety of fruits and vegetables

· Whole grains

· Fat-free and low-fat dairy products

· A variety of protein foods

· Oils

概述

儿童和青少年时期的健康饮食对健康成长、发育，以及预防各种健康问题十分重要。《美国膳食指南2015-2020》建议两岁及以上的人群应根据以下原则选择健康的饮食模式：

l 各种各样的水果和蔬菜

l 全谷物

l 无脂或低脂乳制品

l 各种各样的蛋白质食物

l 油类

These guidelines also recommend that individuals limit calories from solid fats (major sources of saturated and trans fatty acids) and added sugars, and reduce sodium intake. Unfortunately, most children and adolescents do not follow the recommendations set forth in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

指南还建议个人限制固体脂肪（饱和脂肪酸和反式脂肪酸的主要来源）和添加糖中的热量，并减少钠的摄入。不幸的是，大多数儿童青少年没遵循《美国膳食指南》中所提出的建议。

Benefits of Healthy Eating：

Healthy eating can help individuals achieve and maintain a healthy body weight, consume important nutrients, and reduce the risk of developing health conditions such as

· High blood pressure

· Heart disease

· Diabetes

· Cancer

· Osteoporosis

· Iron deficiency

· Dental caries (cavities)

健康饮食的益处

健康饮食可以帮助个人实现并维持健康的体重，摄入重要的营养素，并降低出现以下健康问题的风险：

· 高血压

· 心脏病

· 糖尿病

· 癌症

· 骨质疏松症

· 缺铁

· 龋齿

Consequences of a Poor Diet

· A poor diet can lead to energy imbalance (e.g., eating more calories than your body uses) and can increase the risk of becoming overweight or obese.

· A poor diet can increase the risk for lung, esophageal, stomach, colorectal, and prostate cancers.

· Hunger and food insecurity (i.e., reduced food intake and disrupted eating patterns due to a lack of household income and other resources for food) might increase the risk for lower dietary quality and undernutrition. In turn, undernutrition can negatively affect overall health, cognitive development, and school performance.

不良饮食的后果

· 不良饮食会导致能量失衡（例如，摄入的能量多于身体所需）并增加超重或肥胖的风险。

· 不良饮食会增加患肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、结肠直肠癌和前列腺癌的风险。

· 饥饿和粮食短缺（即：由于缺乏家庭收入和其他食物来源，导致食物摄入量减少，饮食模式中断）可能增加膳食质量降低和营养不良的风险。反过来，营养不良可对整体健康、认知发展和学业表现带来消极影响。

Tips for Healthy Eating

· The US Department of Agriculture provides guidance on how to build healthy eating habits.One tip for children and adolescents include making half of your plate fruits and vegetables.

· The MyPlate Daily Checklist describes the right amount of calories and food from each food group depending on your age, sex, height, weight, and physical activity level.

健康饮食的小贴士

美国农业部提供了关于建立健康饮食习惯的指南。其中一个就是，儿童青少年的餐盘有一半应该是水果和蔬菜。

我的餐盘每日清单（MyPlate Daily Checklist）根据你的年龄、性别、身高、体重和体力活动水平，描述了每个食物组份正确的卡路里和食物量。