经济学人 | 塔吉克斯坦打压穆斯林 | 2017.09.21 | 总第1046期

THE young Tajik man does not want to leave home, despite his mother’s assurance that he looks fine. The day before he had sported a curly black beard, just like his friends from the mosque. But the police had frogmarched him and other bearded young men to the barber shop, where their beards were shaved off. A few of the onlookers laughed, but, once out of the police’s sight, many more grumbled .

这位塔吉克男性仍然不想离开家，尽管她母亲确认他的情况很正常。在这天之前，他还向其他人炫耀他这和清真寺的朋友一样的黑色卷胡须。但是警察把他和其他留胡须的年轻人强制带到理发店并剃掉了胡须。有一些路人在旁边偷笑，不过一旦离开警察的视线，更多的是抱怨。

• frogmarch     vt.迫使人举起双手放脑后前进

• grumble       vi.抱怨; 发牢骚; 嘟囔; （雷等） 隆隆响; vt.喃喃地说出; n.抱怨; 牢骚; 咕哝; （雷等的） 隆隆声

Such scenes have become increasingly common in Tajikistan, a landlocked country of 9m bordering Afghanistan and China. In 2015 an official in one of the country’s four regions reported forcibly removing the beards of 13,000 men. Con men have started selling certificates, complete with photographs and official-looking stamps, permitting holders to grow a beard. Initially, the Tajik government blamed the crusade against beards on local police, but it now admits that it instigated the practice to curb religious extremism.

这样的景象在塔吉克斯坦这个与阿富汗以及中国接壤的人口900万的内陆国家越来越常见了。2015年来自该国四区之一的一位官员强制要求13000名男性剃须。有人开始销售带有照片和官方图章的允许持有者留胡须的证书。起初塔吉克斯坦政府的这项改革只是责难当地警察系统中的留胡须者，不过现在承认主要目标是那些煽动极端宗教主义的行为。

• forcibly        adv.强制地; 强迫地; 强有力地; 有说服力地

• crusade        n.[史] 十字军东征; （宗教性的） 圣战; 改革运动; .讨伐; 加入十字军; 从事改革运动

• instigate       vt.煽动; 教唆; 激起

• curb          n.限制，抑制; 勒马绳，马衔索; （人行道的） 镶边; （证券的） 场外市场; vt.制止，束缚; 给（马）扣上马衔; 给…加路缘; 在…处设井栏

Shaving beards is just one tool the government uses to suppress Islam, even though more or less the entire population is at least nominally Muslim. In 2015 it closed more than 160 headscarf shops. Last year it outlawed Arabic-sounding names. Earlier this year it prohibited the production, import or export of religious books without permission. Obtaining a permit to set up a religious organisation, publish a book on Islam or go on pilgrimage to Mecca is an arduous process.

剃须只是政府用来压制伊斯兰的工具之一，虽然塔吉克斯坦全体人民名义上是穆斯林人。2015年塔吉克斯坦关闭了超过160家头巾店铺。去年发布法令禁止了听起来很像阿拉伯的名字。今年早些时候禁止了非法生产和进出口宗教书籍。或者建立宗教组织的同意，出版关于伊斯兰的书籍以及去麦加朝圣现在都是一件很困难的事情。

• arduous       adj.艰巨的; 努力的; 难克服的; 陡峭的

In 2010 Tajikistan had 19 registered madrassas and hundreds of unregistered ones. The last was closed in 2016. Anyone providing unofficial religious teaching can be imprisoned for up to 12 years. Even studying in religious schools outside the country is prohibited. Almost 3,000 young men attending religious schools in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Egypt and other countries have been coerced into coming home.

在2010年塔吉克斯坦有19所注册的伊斯兰学校以及几百所没有注册的。最后一座学校在2016年关闭了。任何人在非官方的情况下传授宗教知识都将面临最高12年的监禁。即使是在国外的宗教学校学习也是被禁止的。在巴基斯坦，阿富汗，埃及以及其他国家的宗教学校中学习的年轻人们已经被强制召回。

There are about 3,700 mosques in the country. They are heavily regulated by the government, down to the subject of the weekly sermon . Using loudspeakers to broadcast the call to prayer is no longer allowed. Children younger than 18 and women are not permitted to attend the mosque. People under 40 are not allowed to go on the haj.

塔吉克斯坦一共有3700座清真寺。它们受到了政府额强力监管，甚至包括每周的布道。使用高音喇叭进行广播召唤教徒不再被允许了。18岁以下儿童和女性不允许去清真寺做礼拜。40岁一下成年人不允许去麦加朝圣。

• sermon       n.布道; 讲道; 讲道文章; 一大通教训

Tajikistan was unique among the former Soviet republics of Central Asia in allowing an Islamist opposition party, the Islamic Renaissance Party of Tajikistan (IRPT)—the result of a peace deal that ended a civil war in 1997. But Emomali Rahmon, the country’s leader since 1992, was on the opposing side in the conflict and has gradually reneged on the deal.（读者试译句） In 2015 he banned IRPT; since then, his campaign against the pious has intensified.

在前苏联中亚的国家之中塔吉克斯坦也是独树一帜的，它允许伊斯兰的反对党，塔吉克斯坦伊斯兰复兴党(IRPT)的存在，这是1997年内战和平解决的协议的结果。 （读者试译句） 2015年他禁止了IRPT的活动；自那以后，对于穆斯林的打压愈发加剧。

• renege        vi.食言; 违例出牌; vt.拒绝; 放弃; 否认; 食言，违约; n.出牌违例; [牌] 有某种花色的牌可跟而违反规则不跟

The repression, inevitably, has helped to radicalise devout Muslims. More than 2,000 Tajiks are reported to have joined Islamic State. The former commander of an elite police force, Gulmurod Khalimov, is their most prominent recruit. In a YouTube video he threatened to return to Tajikistan to establish sharia (Islamic law). (Earlier this month Russia claimed that he had been killed in an airstrike in Syria.)

这样的打击无可避免的激化了穆斯林的极端激进。据报道超过2000名塔吉克斯坦人已经加入了伊斯兰国。精英警察力量中的一位前任指挥官Gulmurod Khalimov是其中最突出的人物。在一部Youtube的视频中他威胁到他将重返塔吉克斯坦建立sharia(伊斯兰法律)。（这个月早些时候俄方已经确认在叙利亚的一次空中打击之中已经击毙此人。)

A more effective means to curb radicalism might be to boost the economy. Unofficial estimates suggest unemployment is as high as 15%. In search of work, many young men travel abroad, where some become radicalised. But Mr Rahmon seems more concerned about beards than jobs.

一个更有效的针对激进主义的做法是促进经济发展。据非官方估计，塔吉克斯坦的失业率已经高达15%。为了找工作，很多年轻人走向了国外，其中一部分就变成了激进分子。但是Rahmon先生似乎更在意的是胡须而不是工作岗位。

审核 丨Rosy

翻译 丨 似水流年、Lizzie

图文编辑 丨Lucy

责任编辑 丨 杨艺